Aim:To evaluate the sealing ability of MICRO-MEGA Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Endosequence, Biodentine as furcation repair materials using a dye extraction leakage method.Materials and Methods:Forty mandibular molars were randomly divided according to the material used for perforation repair. Group I- (left unsealed) control, Group II-MICRO-MEGA Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Group III - Endosequence, Group IV - Biodentine. All samples were subjected to orthograde and retrograde methylene blue dye challenge followed by dye extraction with 65% nitric acid. Samples were then analyzed using Ultra violet (UV) Visible Spectrophotometer.Results:Biodentine showed highest dye absorbance, whereas Endosequence showed lowest dye absorbance when compared with other repair materials.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that Endosequence showed better sealing ability when compared with other root repair materials.

Aim:To analyze the sustained release of intracanal medicaments with or without a carrier and testing their antimicrobial efficacy in root canal against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis.Materials and Methods:A total of 80 single-rooted anterior teeth were selected, root canal preparation was done, and teeth were divided into two halves and contaminated with C. albicans and E. faecalis, which were further divided into four test groups each according to intracanal medicaments used. Chitosan was used as vehicle for triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and calcium hydroxide and antimicrobial assessment was performed on second and seventh day. Dentine samples were collected after eachResults:All four medicaments used in this study showed antifungal and antibacterial activity. Group II (TAP + chitosan) and Group III (Ca(OH)2 + chitosan) had the higher antifungal and antibacterial activity compared with two other groups.Conclusion:Combination of TAP + chitosan and Ca(OH)2 + chitosan produced better results compared with the combination of medicaments with saline.

Introduction: The importance of the retrograde cavity preparation and the material used to restore is of utmost importance to achieve successful surgical endodontics. Aim:The aim of the present study is to evaluate the apical microleakage of root end cavities filled with Mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine and light cure GIC using two different cavity preparation techniques that is conventional bur preparation and ultrasonic tip preparation.

Aim:To evaluate the cytotoxicity of three root repair materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Endosequence Root Repair Material and Biodentine in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.Materials and Methods:Periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured from healthy premolar extracted for orthodontic purpose. Cells in the third passage were used in the study. The cultured fibroblast cells were placed in contact with root repair materials: (a) Biodentine, (b) MTA, (c) Endosequence, (d) control. The effects of these three materials on the viability of Periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were determined by trypan blue dye assay after 24 hours and 48-hour time period. Cell viability was determined using inverted phase contrast microscope.Statistical Analysis:Cell viability was compared for all the experimental groups with Wilcoxons matched pair test.Results:At the 24-hour examination period, all the materials showed increased cell viability. At 48-hour time period, there is slight decrease in cell viability. Mineral trioxide aggregate showed statistically significant increase in the cell viability when compared to other root repair materials.Conclusion:Mineral trioxide aggregate was shown to be less toxic to periodontal ligament fibroblasts than Endosequence Root Repair Material and Biodentine.

INTRODUCTIONThe endodontic therapy consists of elimination of bacterial load in the pulpal canal and filling of the entire root canal system three dimensionally. The gutta-percha with the sealer should provide seal both apically and laterally, thus preventing contamination of the root canal [1,2].Incomplete obturation of the root canal accounts for 58% of endodontic failures [3,4]. The incomplete obturation may be because of incomplete instrumentation or improper obturation technique [5]. The sealers used should fill the discrepancies between the canal wall and the gutta-percha; act as a lubricant and aid in seating the gutta-percha cones. The sealers should also fill the patent accessory and lateral canals, entomb the bacteria present within the dentinal tubule and allow for the repair of the periapical tissue [6,7].Recently, there has been improvement in the formulation of root canal sealers. The traditional zinc oxide eugenol sealers have been replaced with resin-based, silicone based, MTA based and bioceramic based sealers. In particular, bioceramic-based sealers are gaining popularity because of their alkaline pH, chemical stability within the biological environment, lack of shrinkage and are more biocompatible [8,9].Calcium hydroxide based sealers have been introduced to have both antibacterial action and to stimulate a sterile biological closure of apical region [10]. The limitation of these sealers is that on contact with moisture the setting time is decreased which would result in poor adaptation to canal walls [6].MTA fillapex, MTA Obtura, Endo-CPM sealer and ProRoot Endo sealer are the most commonly available MTA based sealers. These sealers are reported to have good biocompatibility and sealing properties equivalent to epoxy-based root canal sealer or the pulp canal sealer. When in contact with simulated body fluids, MTA based sealers release calcium and encourage the deposition of apatite crystals [10,11].EndoREZ (Ultradent Products Inc, South Jordan, UT) is a dualcured radiopaque urethane dimethacrylate based sealer that is used with resin coated gutta-percha. This system does not employ dentin adhesives and relies on penetration of hydrophilic resins into the dentin tubules after removal of smear layer. Recently, the bond strength and apical seal of the endorez sealer was improved using dual cured self-etching primer/adhesives [12]. The Endorez system has been shown to have satisfactory sealing ability and an easy delivery system [13].Endosequence BC sealer and iRootSP root canal sealer are bioceramic based root canal sealers which are available as a premixed white hydraulic cement paste and usually contain calcium silicate and/or calcium phosphate [14].The most common technique for evaluating the sealing ability of the root canal sealer is the dye penetration technique which is based on the linear measurement of the dye penetration between the root filling and the canal wall. The study aimed at evaluating the sealing ability of zinc-oxide eugenol, Sealapex, AH plus, EndoRez, MTA Plus and Endosequ...