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The infinite dilute activity and diffusion coefficients of solvents in poly(vinyl alcohol) and cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) are determined by using inverse gas chromatography technique with a packed column. Experimental results for water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol in poly(vinyl alcohol); for water, methanol, and ethanol in cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) at different temperatures are presented. The van Deemter equation is used to obtain diffusion coefficients of solvents from the variation of chromatographic peak under the different flow rates of carrier gas. The interdependence on the infinite dilute diffusion coefficient and temperature follows Arrhenius equation well. Diffusion constant and activation energy are obtained from the Arrhenius equation.

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Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant gynecological tumor arising from the endometrium, with an annually increasing morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the functions of cullin 4A (CUL4A) in EC, as well as the underlying mechanisms. CUL4A expression was assessed in several human EC cells and normal human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Subsequently, short hairpin (sh) RNA-CULA4 was transfected into cells, and cell proliferation, invasion and migration were detected using Cell Counting kit-8, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The STRING database identified that CSN6 interacted with CULA4, and immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the interaction. Subsequently, following CUL4A knockdown, pcDNA3.1-CSN6 was transfected into cells and its effects on cell proliferation, invasion and migration were assessed. The expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2, MMP9 and p53 were evaluated via western blotting. The results indicated that CUL4A was highly expressed in EC cells, compared with hEECs. CULA4-knockdown notably inhibited EC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. The expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were significantly decreased, while p53 expression was enhanced following CUL4A-knockdown. The immunoprecipitation assay verified that COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6) interacted with CULA4. Furthermore, CSN6-overexpression alleviated the inhibitory effects of CUL4A-knockdown on EC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Similarly, CSN6 overexpression reversed CUL4A-knockdown-mediated effects on the expression of MMP2, MMP9 and p53. In summary, the results demonstrated that CUL4A regulated EC cell proliferation, invasion and migration by interacting with CSN6.

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