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To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adiponectin gene promoter and essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area, 220 EH patients and 268 normotensive control individuals were enrolled. PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to determine the -11426A>G (rs16861194), -11391G>A (rs17300539), -11377C>G (rs62620185), -11156insCA (rs60806105), and -11043C>T (rs76786086) SNPs in the promoter region of adiponectin gene. Total cholesterol (TC), the triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were examined by oxi-dase method. The plasma adiponectin and insulin were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that: (1) SNPs of -11426A>G, -11377C>G, and -11156insCA were found and in Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium (P>0.05), but not the case in -11391G>A and -11043C>T. (2) -11426A>G and -11156insCA were perfectly in link-age disequilibrium (D'=1; r2=1). (3) The allele G frequency of -11426A>G polymorphism in Chinese Korean (21.10%) was significantly higher than that in Chinese Han (12.50%), and also higher in EH group than in the control group of Chinese Han. The genotype and allele frequencies of -11377C>G showed no significant difference between the two groups ob-served. (4) The haplotype -11426G -11377C frequency in EH of Chinese Han was higher than in the control group (P<0.05). (5) The EH showed lower plasma adiponectin level compared with the control group (P<0.001) in both Chinese Korean and Han. Our results indicate that: (1) the perfect linkage disequilibrium of -11426A>G and -11156insCA is first reported, and the SNP of -11426A>G is associated with Chinese Han and Korean. (2) -11426 G and -11426G -11377C are risk factor and risk haplotype in Yanbian Chinese Han, but not in Chinese-Korean. (3) The lower hypoadiponectinemia is the important risk factors for EH in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area. (4) There is no relationship between -11426A>G polymorphism and the plasma adiponectin level.

This study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene of ADP-ribosylation factor-like 15 (ARL15) and morbidity of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Yanbian Korean Chinese population. A total of 651 subjects including 327 subjects with T2D and 324 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were involved. Genotypes and alleles of SNPs rs26770, rs4311394, and rs35941 in ARL15 were analyzed. The results indicated: (1) frequency of genotype GG for SNP rs26770 in T2D group was higher than that in NGT group and showing as recessive model (P=0.045), (2) frequency of combined genotype AG-GG-CC of the three SNPs rs26770, rs4311394, and rs35941 in ARL15 in T2D group was higher than that in NGT group (P = 0.045), (3) Haplotype G A T for the three SNPs showed positive correlation with T2D development (P= 0.007). The following conclusion was drawn: for SNPs rs26770, rs4311394, and rs35941, genotype GG for rs26770, haplotype G A T, and joint genotype AG-GG-CC may be risk factors for T2D development in Korean Chinese population in Yanbian, China.

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