Two new seco-prezizaane-type sesquiterpenes, 2β-hydroxy-6-deoxyneoanisatin (1) and 3,4-anhydro-2-oxo-1αhydroxy-6-deoxyneoanisatin (2), and two new prenylated C 6 -C 3 compounds, illilanceofunones A (3) and B (4), were obtained from the fruits of Illicium lanceolatum, along with four known prenylated C 6 -C 3 compounds (5 -8). Their structures were proposed through HR-ESI-MS, 1 H, 13 C, and 2D NMR data interpretation. Moreover, the absolute configuration of 1 and 2 were further assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, respectively. Illihenryipyranol A (6) exhibited neuroprotective activity against MPP + -induced PC12 cell damage in a dose-dependent manner.

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