Abstract-A simple and compact sensor based on a cascaded FBG/droplet-like fiber structure is proposed for simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature. The sensor can be easily constructed by mechanically bending a section of coating-stripped single-mode fiber at a FBG's pigtail. In the transmission spectrum, two kinds of dips induced by FBG and droplet-like structure are observed. The central wavelength of the dip caused by droplet-like structure is susceptible to both of surrounding RI and temperature while that caused by FBG is only dependent on temperature. A sensor with a 9.5 mm diameter of droplet-like structure is fabricated and experimentally studied. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sensor and show that sensor possesses a high RI sensitivity of 157.8891 nm/RIU for the RI range from 1.3330 to 1.3785 and a temperature sensitivity of 10.3 pm/ o C.Index Terms-Optical fiber sensors, refractive index, temperature, Bragg grating, droplet-like structure.1530-437X (c)