The neo-liberal global food system is facing a huge criticism in recent years. It has some serious problems; two of them are the major ones. First, it could not provide enough and timely supply of food to the people of different regions and sections of the society. Another, it failed to cope with the changing socio-economic drivers of food system; such as migration and climate change. Therefore, searching for an alternative system to ensure food and nutrition security of the global humanity is going under different ways. In this respect, this paper critically evaluates the modern food system in Nepalese context. It utilizes two key perspectives; climate change and Global Value Chain (GVC) and argues that Nepal must find an alternative model of food system to ensure sustainable food supply and food security of the country. The paper primarily relies on secondary sources of data including journal articles, census and survey reports, and news articles.

Tourism infrastructure is the key to tourism development and one of the major factors for determining tourist satisfaction. Therefore, this paper examines the tourism infrastructure and tourist satisfaction in Kanyam of Ilam district in Nepal. Tourism infrastructure involves accommodation and other basic services like information, communication facilities. Kanyam is emerging as a popular tourist destination due to its felicitous tea garden and its prepossessing views. This study conducted the data through a survey with 70 articulated respondents comprising local people including intellectuals and elected representatives, tourism visitors, and tourists in the study area. The study result that more than 70 % of respondents think lack of infrastructure is a hindrance in tourism development.  It can also be linked with the satisfaction among tourists underrated on accommodation services and sanitation services. This may be due to a lack of proper training for the tourism industry enterprisers. Further, the information service at the destination is not well established to inform at the destination. Despite this 80% of people involved in the tourism business were satisfied with the business as it is supporting the local economy and promotion of local products.  Therefore, a master plan should be developed a master plan for infrastructure development for maintaining its image and bringing tourists back to the town.

This paper investigates the issues of urban development and the quality of life of Darai people with the process of modernization. It explores the process of urbanization and distribution of land after the planning in urban area. The paper highlights issues of ethnic solidarity, tensions and situation of utilization of modern facilities among the Darai ethnic population of Damauli Bazaar. Findings of this research point out the overall dissatisfaction with inadequate facilities, fear of ethnic tensions, exclusion from social processes and division in ethnic solidarity among the studied population.

Exclusion as a widespread phenomenon has prevailed in urban settings. The ethnic population in particular is victims of exclusion caused by urbanization. Though the process of urbanization and its associated processes result in opportunities for income and better services, ethnic populations feel detached from them in the absence of efficiency of modern state institutions and officials. Also, the change in traditional occupation and production results in ethnic populations in their exclusion and marginalization from the social position and space. Darai people of the studied area have been suffered from exclusion however the income chances are increased.

This article analyzes the settings, conditions, and practices of tourism policy through descriptive and analytical methods. One important area of Nepali public policy is tourism. Government is the body responsible for developing, implementing, and gathering feedback on new and updated tourist policies. One of the key components of tourism is the private sector. The distinction is that while the private sector develops its plans for profit maximization, government formulates tourist policy, which is also a matter of public policy. Therefore, tourist policy is a service-oriented policy; a significant amount of input from many sources is a prerequisite for tourism policy. This article explores the conditions and policy practices in the tourist sector using secondary data. Tourists might experience pleasure in Nepal, which is a mysterious location. A more legal structure is required for managing unusual objects.