Cystometrogram and maximum voiding pressure measurements done with either water or air charged catheters will yield similarly accurate results and are comparable. Results suggest more variability at low bladder volumes <50 mL.

Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon. Screening, identifying and managing urogenital and sexual symptoms often result in significant improvement in women's quality of life. Providers must proactively question patients about possible presence of FSD. When a sexual problem is present, identify the type of FSD, counsel patients on the appropriate approaches to treatment. No single therapeutic approach is effective in treating all types of FSD.

This article examines the social and physical causes of obstetric fistulas, as well as resulting social and psychological consequences. Preventative strategies are addressed using Niger as a microcosm for this devastating condition that affects two million women worldwide.

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