The review is devoted to the application of photodynamic diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The recent data on the mechanism of action of photosensitizers, the method of performing fluorescence cystoscopy are presented, and the results of clinical studies of the application of photodynamic diagnostics in practical medicine are presented. It has been shown that photodynamic diagnostics significantly increases the efficiency of detecting bladder cancer in comparison with standard cystoscopy. The application of this method is especially valuable in cases of carcinoma in situ and multifocal growth of urothelial tumors. Improvement in diagnostics makes it possible to increase the radicality of surgical treatment and to increase the duration of the relapse-free period.

The review article is devoted to the history and current state of radiation methods for diagnosis of arteriovenous erectile dysfunction. The indications, advantages and disadvantages of the diagnostic methods are presented. It is indicated that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography scan (CT scan) with intracavernous contrasting, which have the greatest sensitivity and specificity, are currently the optimal methods for radiation diagnosis of arteriovenous erectile dysfunction. (For citation: Kyzlasov PS, Kasymov BG, Al-Shukri SKh, et al. Radiation diagnostics of arteriovenous erectile dysfunction: history and development. Urologicheskie vedomosti. 2018;8(1):40-46. doi: 10.17816/uroved8140-46).

Purpose: to describe a clinical case of successful application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a patient with leukoplakia of the glans penis skin.Material and methods. For PDT, chlorin-type photosensitizer “Photolon” was used. The photosensitizer (lyophilized powder) was diluted in 200.0 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution, administered intravenously at dosage 1.5 mg/kg of body weight. After 2.5 hours, intravenous laser blood irradiation was performed with “Lakhta-Milon” laser device (output power – 100 mW, exposure – 30 minutes). Before PDT, fluorescence diagnostics in ultraviolet light with wavelength 395–405 nm was performed. PDT technique was single-field irradiation with output power 1800 mW (1.8 W), irradiation energy density – 150 J/cm2. Power density of laser light was 200 mW/cm2. Exposure time – 14 min.Results. After treatment, complete regression of the pathological focus and regeneration of healthy tissue were marked (one month).Conclusion. PDT in a patient with leukoplakia of glans penis is an effective and safe curative technique.

Purpose of the study: to present up-to-date data on molecular genetic studies aimed to identify the risks of developing prostate cancer in representatives of various ethnic groups. Material and Methods. Literary sources were searched in databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar. We had analyzed 60 sources on the risks of developing prostate cancer. The epidemiological data on the prostate cancer incidence and risk factors depending on age characteristics, hormonal status and hereditary predisposition were shown. Results. The pathogenetic features of prostate cancer depending on ethnicity were described. The paper presents data from both European and Asian ethnic groups. In a number of studies, significant genetic differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the development of prostate cancer were identified. Conclusion. Research in the field of determining the risks of developing prostate cancer becomes more and more relevant due to the emergence of new molecular genetic markers, as well as the influence of various ethnic characteristics. Nevertheless, many questions of modern diagnosis of prostate cancer are still open, therefore, research in this area remains promising.