Stone-free rate, complication rate, hemorrhage, and HLOS are independent of BMI in a retrospective review of patients undergoing PCNL.

We report a comparable stone-free rate and a lower incidence of blood transfusion among patients undergoing PNL using balloon dilation.

Technologic advancements and refinements in technique have facilitated the successful application of PCNL in the pediatric population. As a result, PCNL has now replaced open surgery as the treatment of choice for large stone burdens in children of all ages.

Although pyeloplasty remains the preferred treatment for UPJO, UPJ release can be successful in certain circumstances, particularly when significant scarring, inflammation, or fibrosis appears to be the primary etiology of the obstruction. Further investigation is warranted to help define the specific clinical situations in which UPJ release may be beneficial.

No abstract