The main objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence and compare the levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress experienced by the frontline health care workers (HCWs) during the lockdown and post lockdown periods at Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India. All participants involved in the study were evaluated by using depression, anxiety and stress scale 21, the impact of event scale revised scale for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a standardized questionnaire. During the lockdown period, the score for depression was observed mean scores to be more in front desk people (2.70) followed by pharmacists and technicians (2.60) and security (2.28) in the lockdown period. During the lockdown, the highest levels of anxiety were seen in security staff (4.72) and housekeeping (4.8), with a considerable increase after the lockdown situation. During the lockdown period, the mean score of pharmacists and technicians (10.33) were more stressed than other HCWs, and the second-highest levels of stress were observed in security (10.11) and front desk workers (10.09), respectively. Our results show that there was a worsening of the psychological impact of the pandemic and an increase in PTSD, stress, anxiety, and depression among HCWs. Female gender, pharmacists, and technicians were the most vulnerable group to develop psychiatric comorbidities.

Ill-treatment to a child under 18 years old is considered child abuse. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the father of the nation, once said: "India will be free when the women feel safe to walk in the streets of India at midnight". However, this endures to continue a fantacy yet to be executed and away from reality. Child sexual abuse is a grave issue in India. Children are the future of a nation and the leaders of tomorrow. They are succeeding in the architecture of society and civilization Child sexual abuse is actuality that is highly prevalent in India. Child abuse is in the form of physical, sexual, emotional and serious global problems. Sexual abuse goes unreported and children are not given the protective assistance they are left to suffer in silence. Child abuse is harmful for the children as well as for society. A welcome development has been the enactment of a special law-Protection of Children against Sexual Offences (POCSO) 2012-criminalising a range of acts including child rape, harassment, and exploitation for pornography. Child sexual abuse is a multidimensional problem having legal, social, medical and psychological implications.

Background: Data on safety and efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in lichen planus (LP) and comparison with oral corticosteroids (OCs) in Indian patients is limited. Aims: The aim of this article is to compare the clinical efficacy of LMWH and systemic corticosteroids in LP. Materials and Methods: This study was a single-center prospective comparative study. The patients received either LMWH subcutaneously (3 mg weekly for 6 weeks) or OC (20 mg/day for 6 weeks, tapered gradually). Results: Fifty patients were enrolled in the study, and 35 (70.0%) were females. Mean age of the study population was 35.46 years with age ranging between 21 and 40 years. Itching (92.0%) was a common symptom; generalized cutaneous lesions (90.0%) and involvement of mucous membrane were seen in 40%. Classical LP was common (56.0%). Early results were seen with OC (week 4) compared to LMWH (week 5); higher cure rate was seen with OC (89.47% vs. 76.0%) at week 6. There was no significant statistical difference (P > 0.05) in the therapeutic response between the study groups. No new lesions were noted in 23 and 13 patients treated with OC and LMWH, respectively. Relapse rate (33.33%) was higher in patients treated with LMWH (P < 0.05). Treatment with low-dose LMWH was associated with no side effects, whereas gastric irritation (42.1%) was the most common side effect followed by facial puffiness (31.57%) and acneiform eruptions (26.31%) with OC. The cost of treatment was more for LMWH compared with OC. Conclusion: Both treatment modalities were comparable in efficacy and tolerated well. LMWH had no adverse effect but had a high relapse rate. Therapy with OC is cost-effective.

BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous duct characterised by polymorphic lesions of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and cysts. It occurs most commonly in adolescents and young adults. Zinc has been used extensively both topically and systemically for the management of acne vulgaris. Zinc levels in serum and skin has received the attention of many researchers in the field. MATERIALS AND METHODSA prospective observational study was conducted in patients presenting with Acne vulgaris to the dermatology outpatient clinic of KLE Hospital in Belgaum, Karnataka between June 2011 and June 2012. A total of 70 patients whoever has given consent and satisfying inclusion criteria were included in the study. Only patients who had not taken any zinc therapy were selected for the study. Fasting venous blood was collected from each patient. The serum zinc levels of all the samples were estimated by using immunoturbidometry method. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: Acne vulgaris grade 1 and 2 (mild-to-moderate acne). Group 2: Acne vulgaris grade 3 and 4 (severe acne). The mean serum level of zinc in relation to severity of the disease was calculated using t-test analysis. RESULTSThere was no correlation between serum zinc level and severity of acne and the results were statistically not significant ( value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONThere is no correlation between serum zinc levels and severity of Acne vulgaris. KEYWORDSAcne Vulgaris, Zinc. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kumar GP, Priscilla T. Correlation of serum zinc levels with severity of acne vulgaris.

WHO stated that Tobacco Control is "To protect present and future generations from the devastating health, social, environmental and out-turn of exposure to tobacco smoke”. Tobacco plants are indigenous to American abstinent and they knew of its cultivation thousands of years ago. Christopher Columbus brought this plant to European countries. Portuguese traders brought tobacco plants to India Tobacco put to use in the forms of smoking, chewing, or snorting. Bronchial accounts for more than 50% of all male deaths from malignant disease. It is four times more common in men than in women. Cigarette smoking for most cases of bronchial carcinoma, and the increased risk is directly proportional to the amount smoked and to the tar content of the cigarettes. Smoking puffs of any kind, disclosed to nicotine, have pernicious consequences on immune system. Nicotine escalates cortisol concentration, while curtail B cell antibody development and T cells' response to antigens. Smoking bumps one and the other innate and adaptive immunity and operates challenge roles in synchronize immunity