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Purpose This paper aims to review the effect of traditional shot peening (SP), laser shock peening (LSP) and water jet cavitation peening (WJP) on microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels 316L and 304. Design/methodology/approach The effect of SP, LSP and WJP on corrosion behavior of 316L and 304 were discussed in terms of surface peening–induced change in surface roughness, stress state and grain size. Findings Residual compressive stress and grain refinement were introduced after SP, LSP and WJP treatment in 316L and 304 stainless steels. Superior corrosion resistance can be obtained by WJP compared with SP and LSP. Originality/value The relationship between SP-, LSP- and WJP-induced change in microstructure and stress state and corrosion resistance was summarized.