It is generally believed that evapotranspiration at night is too miniscule to be considered. Thus, few studies focus on the nocturnal evapotranspiration (ETN) in alpine region. In this study, based on the half-hour eddy and meteorological data of the growing season (from May to September) in 2019, we quantified the ETN of alpine desert (AD), alpine meadow (AM), alpine meadow steppe (AMS), and alpine steppe (AS) in the Qinghai Lake Basin and clarified the different response of evapotranspiration to climate variables in daytime and nighttime with the variation of elevation. The results show that: (1) ETN accounts for 9.88~15.08% of total daily evapotranspiration and is relatively higher in AMS (15.08%) and AD (12.13%); (2) in the daytime, net radiation (Rn), temperature difference (TD), vapor pressure difference (VPD), and soil moisture have remarkable influence on evapotranspiration, and Rn and VPD are more important at high altitudes, while TD is the main factor at low altitudes; (3) in the nighttime, VPD and wind speed (WS) control ETN at high altitudes, and TD and WS drive ETN at low altitudes. Our results are of great significance in understanding ETN in the alpine regions and provide reference for further improving in the evapotranspiration estimation model.

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In high-altitude cold areas, how precipitation and freeze-thaw processes affect soil water dynamics is not well understood due to a lack of high real-time resolution measurements. This study measured soil water balance components with a high-precision lysimeter in an alpine meadow ecosystem in the Qinghai Lake watershed from June 30, 2020, to June 30, 2021. The results showed that the total precipitation (TP), evapotranspiration (ET), soil water storage change (ΔS) and the vertical water flow (WF) of this ecosystem were 705.18, 633.21, 72.58 and À0.60 mm, respectively, dur-

In the background of economic globalization, logistics service outsourcing has become one of the preferred. In this paper, through field research, large amounts of information access, analysis, consolidation effect of logistics outsourcing business related factors, build the supply chain enterprise logistics outsourcing risk index system, and has carried on the quantification, designs the corresponding evaluation system, and then using the fuzzy hierarchy analysis method (FAHP method) to index system for the calculation of weight and quantitative evaluation. For the eventual construction of enterprise logistics outsourcing decision of supply chain enterprises logistics outsourcing risk evaluation system and the theoretical basis for.