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<p>A series of experiment of soybean tolerance to shade were conducted in order to attain the following objectives: genotypes evaluation for shade tolerance, appropriate selection method to screen tolerant genotype to shade characterization of molecular markers of shade tolerance by using RAPD marker.</p><p>The morphological specific characters wich is corelated to shade tolerance is the number of productive branchs. The intensity 75% of artificial shading is optimal level for doing selection of soybean genotypes.</p>Molecular analysis by using RAPD technique showed that UBC 153, ROTH 480.01, and ROTH 480.03 primer have polymorphic band that can be used for linkage analysis. All polymorphisms segregated independently of each ather. The nearest genetic distance was DNA fregment about 125 bp of UBC 153 marker which is linked to tolerance to shade character by about 0.13 centomorgans.

Percobaan dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balai Teknologi Lingkungan, BPPT , PUSPIPTEK Serpong Tangerang pada tahun 2011 . Penelitian ini diambil pada empat spesies mangrove muda (Rhizophora mucronata , Bruguiera sp , Sonneratia sp , dan Avicenia sp ) untuk menentukan dampak subletal dan kelainan pertumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh empat konsentrasi minyak ( 0 % , 10 % , 20 % , dan 30 % ) . Pengukuran dicatat meliputi: survival persen , tingkat pertumbuhan , perkembangan daun , persen defoliasi , jumlah pengembangan cabang , dan setiap pola pertumbuhan yang tidak biasa yang mungkin telah berkembang sebagai akibat dari kontaminasi minyak . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada yang signifikan relatif kecil minyak terpengaruh. The konsentrasi tertinggi minyak pengobatan tidak mempengaruhi mangrove muda sampai akhir percobaan ini . Rhizophora mucronata menunjukkan mampu menurunkan TPH tertinggi di antara empat spesies mangrove di semua konsentrasi minyak pengobatan. Pengamatan pada enam minggu menunjukkan rata-rata penurunan TPH 38,1 % dari konsentrasi minyak 10 % , 21,1 % dari konsentrasi minyak 20 % dan 21,1 % dari konsentrasi minyak 30 % . Sementara pengamatan pada minggu kedua belas menunjukkan rata-rata penurunan TPH 81,6 % dari konsentrasi minyak 10 % , 69 % konsentrasi  minyak 20 % dan 66 % dari konsentrasi minyak 30 % . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bakau muda yang efektif untuk menurunkan hidrokarbon minyak bumi . Kata kunci : polusi minyak , fitoremediasi , bakau , Rhizophora mucronata , Bruguiera sp , Sonneratia sp, Avicenia sp.  AbstractThe experiment were conducted at Green House of Environmental Institute of Technology, BPPT, PUSPIPTEK Serpong Tangerang in 2011. The study were taken on four species of young mangroves (Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera sp, Sonneratia sp, and Avicenia sp) in order to determine any sublethal impact and growth abnormalities affected by four consentration of oil (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). Measurements recorded include: percent survival, growth rate, leaf development, percent defoliation, number of developing branches, and any unusual growth patterns that may have developed as a result of oil contamination. The results of this study showed that no significant deferent of oil affected. The highest consentration of treatment oil was not affects to young mangrove until the end of this experiment.Rhizophora mucronata showed able to degrade TPH highest among the four mangrove species in all oil concentrations treatment.Observation onsix weeks showed an average of TPH reduction 38.1% of10% oilconcentration, 21.1% of 20% oil concentration and 21.1% of 30% oil concentration.While observations onthe twelfth weeksshowed an average of TPH reduction 81.6% of 10% oil concentration, 69% of 20% oil concentration and 66% of 30% oil concentration. It shows that young mangrove effective to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. Keywords:oil polution, phytoremediation, mangrove, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera sp, Sonneratia sp, Avicenia sp.