Occlusion of three main arteries induced ischaemia under critical threshold in canine brains. Under this condition, intravascular cooling with crystalloid solution suppressed accumulation of extracellular glutamate and reduced tissue damage in the early phase after cold-induced brain injury, as cerebroprotective effects. This information suggests that a method employing brain hypothermia via intra-arterial cooling with an extracorporeal cooling-filtration system has potential to achieve successful, safe, selective brain cooling.

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