No abstract

Basing on the research of archival sources and newspapers, the article discusses the urban development of the city of Maribor from the perspective of construction and change of use of the existing military infrastructure, its influence on the city's development and its economic and everyday life in the period between the both world wars. For seventy years after the construction of the Southern Railway (1846), Maribor had been in the centre of traffic routes in the empire. Since one of the biggest military infrastructures in this part of Austria-Hungary was situated in Maribor, the city also had an important military-strategic position. With the downfall of Austria-Hungary and the creation of a new State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, the geostrategic position of Maribor changed considerably. Nevertheless, with its position and military infrastructure density, it preserved its important military role even in the new state. The discussed period in the city was thus marked by negotiations between the civil and military administration considering the ownership of the military infrastructure and the paying of its rent.

Povzetek V članku sta prikazana na arhivskih virih in literaturi z analizo SWOT temelječa vojaško izobraževanje v Slovenski vojski in možnost njegovega nadaljnjega razvoja. Opisano je povezovanje vojaškega izobraževalnega in znanstvenoraziskovalnega sistema v Slovenski vojski s sistemom izobraževanja in znanstvenoraziskovalnega dela v Republiki Sloveniji ter v mednarodnem okolju tako, da je prikazan razvoj vojaškega izobraževanja v oboroženih silah Republike Slovenije, ki se je z njenim nastankom leta 1991 na novo oblikovalo, in to od osnovnega usposabljanja vojakov nabornikov do najvišjih oblik vojaškega izobraževanja in znanstvenoraziskovalnega dela na področju vojaških ved. V nadaljevanju so predstavljene pomanjkljivosti sedanjega vojaškega izobraževanja in njegov mogoč razvoj, ki bi potekal, tako kot v drugih zavezniških državah, v smeri vključevanja v bolonjski izobraževalni in znanstvenoraziskovalni sistem. Ključne besede: Republika Slovenija, Slovenska vojska, vojaško izobraževanje, bolonjski izobraževalni sistem, analiza SWOT. Abstract The article depicts the military education model of the Slovenian Armed Forces and the possibility of its further development, which are both based on archive resources and SWOT analysis. It describes the integration of the military education and scientific and research system in the Slovenian Armed Forces with the education system and scientific research system in the Republic of Slovenia and internationally. It first describes the development of military education in the armed forces of the Republic of Slovenia, which was formed anew after Slovenia’s independence in 1991. It ranges from the basic conscript training to the most advanced forms of military education and scientific and research efforts in the field of military science. The article continues by presenting the shortfalls of the current military education system and possible ways of its development, which can be directed in a similar way as in other allied nations, namely by incorporating it into the Bologna education system and scientific research system. Key words: Republic of Slovenia, Slovenian Armed Forces, military education, Bologna education system, SWOT analysis

Ta vojna je bila drugačna od vseh do takrat, v njej pa je sodelovalo 28 držav ali tri četrtine človeštva. Boji so potekali na morju, zemlji in ob koncu tudi v zraku, žrtev pa je bilo toliko kot v nobeni vojni, in sicer 20 milijonov. Trajala je štiri leta na fronti in v zaledju, uničila največje imperije ter vplivala na uspešno izvedeno boljševistično revolucijo v Rusiji. Drugačna je bila tudi zaradi nove vojaške tehnike. Nove vrste orožja, letalo, tank, strojnica in plin so spremenili do takrat znano strategijo ter taktiko delovanja vojaških enot. Avstro-Ogrska se je na vojno skupaj s svojima zaveznicama Nemčijo in Italijo pripravljala dvajset let, vendar vojna ni potekala po teh načrtih. Vojaki v »slovenskih« polkih so najprej krvaveli na frontah v Galiciji, leta 1915 pa se fronta odprla na slovenskem nacionalnem ozemlju ob Soči in posegla tako v vojaško kot civilno življenje na Slovenskem. Ob koncu vojne so bile na slovenskem ozemlju, predvsem v Mariboru pod poveljstvom generala Maistra, vzpostavljene enote, ki so bile sicer formacijsko podobne tistim pred vojno, vendar popolnoma drugačne predvsem po nacionalni strukturi in liniji poveljevanja. Vzpostavljena je bila slovenska vojska, ki se je že takoj po tem začela tako kot druge državne institucije Države SHS izgubljati v vojski in upravi nove države. Ključne besede: prva svetovna vojna, Avstro-Ogrska, vojaška organiziranost, posledice vojne, vsakodnevno življenje. Abstract This war was different from all other wars that had taken place until then. It included 28 countries or three quarters of the humanity. The battles took place at sea, on land and, in the end, even in the air. The number of victims was larger than in any other war before that and amounted to 20 million. It lasted four years on the front line and in the rear, destroyed the largest empires, and influenced the successful Bolshevik revolution in Russia. It was also different because of the new military technical means. New types of weapons, aircraft, tanks, machine guns and gas have changed the strategy and tactics of military units known to date. Together with its allies Germany and Italy, Austria-Hungary had been preparing for the war for twenty years, but the course of the war did not follow their plans. First, soldiers in "Slovenian" regiments bled on the front lines in Galicia, and, in 1915, the front line opened on the Slovenian national territory along the Isonzo River interfering both with military and civilian life in Slovenia. At the end of the war, on the Slovenian territory, in particular in Maribor units were formed under the command of General Maister. They were formed in a similar way than the units before the war, but their composition differed completely, mainly in terms of the nationality structure and the chain of command. Slovenian armed forces were established; however, they began to vanish in the light of the armed forces and the administration of the new state immediately afterwards, just like other state institutions of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Key words: First World War, Austria-Hungary, military organisation, aftermath of the war, daily life.

Based on an analysis of archival sources and literature, the author considers the formation of the Slovene independent and democratic country, especially from the point of view of the formation of the Slovene armed forces, which had to be reshaped by the emerging new country, while at the same time dealing with aggravated relations with the Yugoslav federal authorities, especially the Yugoslav Army, which was seizing power in the federal state. The opposition was also against the formation of the country’s own, Slovene army. Thus, the defence system and its leaders, especially Ministers Janša and Bavčar as well as Prime Minister Peterle, were faced with difficult decisions. In spite of the real war threat, scarce resources were available to the defence department, and these had to be devoted almost entirely to arms procurement. The awareness of the importance of armed forces for the defence of Slovenia’s sovereignty helped to form the armed forces, the Territorial Defence of the Republic of Slovenia, through a project named Manoeuvre Structure of National Protection. Together with militia, civil defence and support of the civilian population, the Slovenian War of Independency was won.