These study relates to coffee dryers sourced from solar energy, the main objective of these experiements are make solar drying tools more effective, save time, and get good quality coffee beans, so that they can be received by the community. The parameters that are used in this combustion are temperature, rh, sun intensity, weight, and Mr. the results obtained are that the temperature can vary between 40-60°C, with a maximum rh is 5%, weighing 4.291 kg, and finally getting the drying rate. The main conclusion are these temperatures are very suitable for drying coffee beans, the higher the intensity of solar radiation will reduce the drying Moisture ratio and can be reduce of mass coffee.

Introduction: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents as cerebral parenchymal bleeding that may also extend into ventricular (IVH). ICH, as a stroke subtype, is associated with poor neurological outcome as well as high mortality in 40% cases. Hypertension is the main and the most common risk factor in the development of ICH, particularly in the basal ganglia, thalamus, pons and deep cerebellar white matter. Hypertensive ICH in these localizations are particularly common in patients with chronic hypertension and they are not in compliance with blood pressure management. Other risk factor such as smoking and diabetes meilitus. Case Report: This retrospective study reviewed patient who were diagnosed with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage from January 2018 until December 2019 at the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital  Medan,Indonesia. The patient’s demographic data and number of cases are collected. There were 163 cases of pure spontaneous ICH  and 159 cases of Spontaneous ICH with IVH were among the total cases of ICH from 2018 to 2019. Discussion: Based on data at the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan from 2018 to 2019,there are differences in the number of men and women proportion in the incident of  pure ICH , for men who are 110 people around 67% while in women it is 53 people or about 32%. The incidence also higher in diabetes meilitus and smoking patient. Conclusion: We reported 163 cases of  pure ICH and 159 cases of ICH with IVH. Based on demographic examination, male are dominant about 67% of total cases. Based on the biggest risk factors in patients with spontaneous ICH are hypertension, in the case of spontaneous ICH with IVH the biggest risk factor was smoking.

Abstract Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been infecting nearly 800.000 individuals of all ages in 31 March 2020. Based on Harvard Medical school experience, almost over 80% of patients have switched to telemedicine services. In Indonesia, there are almost 1,22 million cases with recovery of 1 million case and the death of 33.183 cases. In North Sumatera, the COVID-19 cases occurred in 22.999 cases and the recovery of 19.758 cases with death of 786 cases. Here, we report the trend of traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases in pandemic era 2020 in our institution in Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera. Method: This retrospective observational study reported 343 TBI cases from January 2020 to December 2020. January 2020 to March 2020 regarded as pre pandemic and April 2020 to December 2020 as the pandemic era. Results: There is significant decrease of traumatic brain injury patients from March 2020 to April 2020. It was 61% decrease in patients admission to our Emergency Department (ED). Demographically, male patients in productive age group and mild TBI has the most common presentation to our ED. Discussion: There is significant decrease of patients with TBI in our institution. The number of cases was declining from 55 patients on January to 21 patients on April. This also occurred concurrently with the start of social distancing in Indonesia on April 2020 and the civilian suggested to stay at home during this period. This decline was also found in other countries, like Massachusetts, USA and India. Conclusion: We reported significant decrease in traumatic brain injury cases in Adam Malik General Hospital during COVID-19 pandemic era in 2020. Neurosurgeons and Residents of Neurosurgery have to be cautious in assessing the TBI patients to limit the spread of COVID-19 in ED.

Abstract Introduction: Pituitary tumours account for approximately 15% of all brain tumours, and the growing tumours press against the optic chiasm, resulting in impairment of visual function manifested as visual field defects, decreased visual acuity, and decreased color vision . Compression of the optic chiasm by pituitary tumours generally results in selective loss of the temporal VFs, or bitemporal hemianopia, implying that the nasal retinal fibers are preferentially damaged. The reason for this preferential damage is not fully understood. Transsphenoidal surgery has been reported to safely reduce the pressure on the anterior visual pathway in most patients. Improvement in visual function may occur after transsphenoidal decompression of the chiasm. Because improvement in visual function may occur from a variety of proposed biologic processes. Case Series : The number of patients according to gender was 71% male (10 people) while 29% female (4 people). The age distribution was found mostly at the age of 40-50 years 36% (5 people). The most common clinical symptoms were field disturbances 85% (12 people). Patients complained of visual field disturbances for 1-2 years as many as 58% (7 people). Vision before surgery is /6 as much as 45% (4 people). Improvements in vision were found for 1 month postoperatively as much as 22% (2 people). Discussion : Compression of the optic chiasm by pituitary tumours generally results in selective loss of the temporal VFs, or bitemporal hemianopia, implying that the nasal retinal fibers are preferentially damaged. The minimally invasive transsphenoidal approach can be used effectively for 95% of pituitary tumours. Exceptions are those large tumours with significant temporal or anterior cranial fossa extension. In such circumstances, transcranial approaches are often more appropriate. Occasionally, combined transsphenoidal and transcranial approaches are used. Nevertheless, some surgeons extend the basic transsphenoidal exposure in order to remove some of these tumours and avoid a craniotomy . Potential mechanisms of axonal injury from a compressive lesion include direct disruption of conduction along the axon, impaired axoplasmic flow, demyelination with impaired signal conduction, and ischemia from compression or stretching of the blood supply of the chiasm by the tumour. An early fast phase of improvement is consistent with restoration of signal conduction along retinal ganglion cell axons after removal of a compressive lesion.In some individuals, we observed the rapid restoration of normal vision, which would be consistent with this hypothesis. In these individuals, a physiologic conduction block is presumably the main mechanism of injury. Conclusion: The pattern of improvement of visual function after decompression of the anterior visual pathways suggests three phases of improvement. Improvement in visual function may occur after transsphenoidal decompression of the chiasm. Because improvement in visual function may occur from a variety of proposed biologic processes, we sought to better define this potential for improvement.

Introduction : Brain tumor is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Treating brain tumors requiring medical providers to have basic understanding of brain tumor diagnosis and management. The most common brain tumors are meningiomas, gliomas, pituitary adenomas and brain metastasis. The treatment of each type of brain tumor is different and  multidisciplinary involving other scientific fields besides neurosurgery. Case Series : We reported 131 cases of brain tumors at the Haji Adam Malik Hospital in the period January 2018-December 2019, consisting of 52 cases (40%) of meningioma, 34 cases (26%) of Glioma , 12 cases (9%) of pituitary adenomas and 33 cases (25%) of brain metastasis. Meningiomas were mostly treated with surgery alone in 38% of cases, gliomas with surgery followed by chemo-radiation in 41% of cases, all of pituitary adenomas were treated with endonasal transfenoid surgery, while brain metastasis in 70% of cases required whole brain radiation with controlled primary tumors. Discussion : The modalities for treating brain tumor patients has been increasing recently. Meningiomas are mostly benign and managed by surgical resection only, chemo-radiation reserved for high risk or refractory case of meningiomas. Glioblastoma is the most common glioma and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor, limited response to gross surgical tumor and chemo-radiation. Pituitary adenomas mostly treated with endonasal transfenoid surgery, radiotherapy use in recurrent case. Brain metastasis may require complex multidisciplinary care with neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and medical oncology. Conclusion: The treatment of brain tumors is influenced by various considerations such as age, patient condition,neurological deficits, location of the tumor, comorbidities, experience of the neurosurgeon and available modalities. Treatment methods for brain tumors continue to evolve.