The flow behind a biased orifice in a circular pipe is studied to investigate the mechanism of pipe-wall thinning by flow accelerated corrosion. The flow field is measured by particle-image velocimetry (PIV), and the mean and fluctuating properties are studied behind the orifice. It is found that the biased orifice modifies the

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In the present paper, simultaneous measurement of velocity and concentration field in the initial region of a buoyant jet in stagnant surrounding water was carried out using a scanning LIF and PIV technique. This technique allows the simultaneous measurement of velocity and concentration in the three-dimensional field. The result indicates that the coherent structure plays an important role in the momentum and mass transfer in the buoyant jet. It is also found that the analogy between the momentum and mass transfer does not exit in the instantaneous structure of velocity and concentration field, although the global structure is similar.