Emotional stress is well known as a risk factor for cardiovascular events [1-3]. However, the risk of cardiovascular events caused by watching soccer games remains controversial. Until now, there has been no multicenter study that has investigated the relationship between watching soccer games and cardiac arrhythmia evaluated by 24-hours Holter Electrocardiography (Holter ECG). World Cup Soccer (WCS) was held in Brazil from June to July 2014. In this study, we investigated the frequency of arrhythmia and ischemic changes using Holter ECG in patients with cardiovascular diseases and those suspected of having cardiac disease during the Japan National Team's matches in WCS 2014.
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