Viral like particles (VLP) and hence highly species specific, thermolabile, costly and are purely prophylactic. The quest for a cheaper, thermostable and broad spectrum vaccine has led to many newer prophylactic vaccines. Therapeutic vaccines were born out of the inescapable necessity considering high HPV related morbidity projected in the non HPV naïve population. Therapeutic vaccines would immediately reduce this burden and also help in the management of HPV related cancers alone or as part of combination strategies.Ongoing research is aimed at a total control over HPV related malignancies in the near future.

EST is an effective treatment modality for bleeding esophageal varices due to EHPVO. During a follow-up of nearly 20 years after variceal eradication, only about one-sixth of the patients had recurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding was unusual after 10 years had passed since initial variceal eradication.

Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare clinical condition where both intrauterine (IU) and extra uterine pregnancy coexists. In a non-ART set up diagnosis of tubal ectopic pregnancy becomes challenging and difficult with coexisting intrauterine viable pregnancy, even when presents with ruptured form. Author is presenting one of his challenging experience in managing successfully such type of heterotopic ruptured tubal pregnancy in first trimester where extra uterine ruptured tubal pregnancy was addressed by laparoscopic salpingectomy under spinal anaesthesia with minimal uterine manipulation to continue intrauterine pregnancy till term and thus had a successful pregnancy outcome.

Maternal mortality is disastrous news for the society, family, newborn, and the obstetrician. Yet, we all who are care providers to these apparently healthy women carrying another life within them are dumbfounded by the clinical conditions arising due to the pregnancy or the effects of the pregnancy, that it becomes difficult to provide an ideal care to them. The rapid uprising of a condition and the worsening of commonly occurring benign conditions-preeclampsia, hemorrhage, etc., necessitates that all obstetricians are well versed with the physiological changes and should be able to not only provide the best of obstetric care to the mother and the newborn but also perform or assist in performance of life-saving procedures.