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Massive changes are taking place in the structures of work and careers. If these changes are to be reconciled with the concept of a just and equitable society, new kinds of policy interventions are required. This article suggests six such “social ligatures”, one of which is life-long access to career guidance.

This article explores the roles of public policy in career guidance delivery. Traditionally, most career guidance services have been structured towards the provision of social welfare to the public sector. The New Right critique of this has led to attempts to apply market principles to guidance delivery. This can take the form of a market or quasi-market in guidance. However, guidance can also be viewed as a market-maker: a means of making the labour market and education and training markets work more effectively. Some experiments in applying these principles in the UK and elsewhere are analysed.

OAKEY R. P., JAMES A. and WATTS T. (1998) Regional sub-contract suppliers to prime defence contractors: evidence of their performance in response to recent changes in demand, Reg. Studies 32 , 17-29. There is considerable evidence that technological change occurs unevenly over geographical space, and that change is faster in core areas of national economies than at their peripheries. The principal result of this paper is a confirmation that South East firms similarly initiate diversification technology strategies more readily than their regional counterparts. It is noted that defence spending is a disguised form of regional aid when contracts are awarded in peripheral parts of the United Kingdom. Thus, it is concluded that, given the laggard behaviour of peripheral firms regarding diversification, recent defence spending cut backs in these areas are likely to have a strong negative impact on industrial activity. OAKEY R. P., JAMES A. et WATTS T.(1998)Les soutraitants regionaux aux premiers fournisseurs militaires: des preuves de leur performance face a l'evolution recente de la demande, Reg. Studies 32 , 17-29. Il y a de tres bonnes raisons de penser que la mutation technologique se produit de facon irregulieer sur l'espace geographique et que cette mutation se fait plus rapidement dans les zones centrales des economies nationales par rapport a leur peripherie. La principale conclusion a tirer de cet article c'est la suivante: de la meme facon, les entreprises situees dans le Sud-Est mettent en oeuvre plus facilement des strategies technologiques relatives a la diversification que ne le font leurs homologues regionaux. Il est a noter que les depenses pour la defense constituent une aide regionale deguisee lors de l'octroi des contrats aux zones peripheriques au Royaume-Uni. On conclut que, etant donne le retard des entreprises situees aux zones peri pheriques pour ce qui est de la diversification, les amputations recentes des depenses pour la defense dans de telles zones risquent d'avoir d'importants effets nefastes sur l'activite industrielle. OAKEY R. P., JAMES A. und WATTS T. (1998) Regionale Subunternehmerlieferanten fur Hauptauftragnehmer der Verteidigungsindustrie: Anzeichen ihrer Leistung als Reaktion auf kurzlich eingetretene Veranderungen in der Nachfrage, Reg. Studies 32 , 17-29. Es liegen nicht unerhebliche Anzeichen vor, dass technologischer Wandel ungleichmassig verteilt im geographischen Raum auftritt, und dass Wandel in Kerngebieten der Wirtschaft eines Landes schneller vonstatten geht als in Randgebieten. Das Hauptergebnis dieser Untersuchung ist die Bestatigung, dass Firmen im Sudosten dementsprechend technologische Diversifikationsstrategien bereitwiiliger initieren als ihre regionalen Gegenstucke. Es wird festgestellt, dass, wenn Vertrage in Randgebieten des Vereinigten Konigreichs vergeben werden, die Ausgaben fur Verteidigung eine verhullte Form regionaler Forderung darstellen. Es wird somit gefolgert, dass in Anbetracht des nachhinkenden Verhaltens von Firmen untergeordneter Bedeutung in Bez...

<p>The Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain stretches westward from the “Big Island” of Hawaii for over 6000 km until the oldest part of the Emperor chain is subducted at the Kuril and Aleutian trenches. Still regarded as <em>the</em> iconic hotspot-generated seamount chain it has been sampled, mapped, and studied to give insights into numerous oceanic phenomena, such as seamount and volcano formation and associated intraplate magma budgets, the past absolute motions of the Pacific plate and the drift of the Hawaiian plume, and the thermal and mechanical properties of oceanic lithosphere. Much early work on determining the flexural rigidity and equivalent elastic plate thickness that supports the large volcano loads that comprise the chain was focussed on the Hawaiian Ridge, with a major multichannel seismic expedition to the Hawaiian Islands in 1982 providing clear and direct evidence of plate flexure, as well as the indirect effect this deformation has on Earth’s gravity field. Numerous studies have since followed. However, the older part of the chain, beyond the ~50 Ma “bend”, has been much less well studied due to its remoteness, but recent expeditions have provided new marine seismic data to allow an estimation of elastic thickness along the Emperor chain and how they compare to the information we have along the Hawaiian Ridge. Here, we present preliminary work on determining the elastic thickness beneath the Emperor Seamounts. Unlike the Hawaiian Ridge, where the age of the lithosphere at the time of loading (i.e., the difference in age between the underlying seafloor and the formation age of a seamount or oceanic island) is remarkably constant, along the Emperor chain there are major variations in the age of loading, compounded by higher uncertainty due to limited seamount age sampling and the chain’s location within the Cretaceous Quiet Zone. Thus, models with variable elastic thickness as a function of location along the Emperor chain are required. In this presentation, we discuss several models that seek to account for the new seismic imaging of the top and base of flexed oceanic crust (i.e. Moho) at Jimmu guyot while at the same time honouring the characteristic gravimetric signature of the Emperor seamount edifices and their flanking moats. The Optimal Regional Separation (ORS) method is used to isolate the flexural loads, while seismic tomography and different velocity/density relations are explored for assigning suitable load and infill densities that vary spatially, and we search for optimal density and elastic parameters which minimize the misfit to both the residual gravity as well as the seismically observed flexure in the vicinity of Jimmu guyot. The first-order result is a clear thinning of the elastic thickness as we move from south to north: the implications of which we examine here for the tectonic evolution of the northwest Pacific Ocean and the long-term (>10<sup>6</sup> a) mechanical properties of oceanic lithosphere.</p>