The findings of this study may enhance our understanding of the impact of spousal violence against women and their reproductive health and therefore highlight the importance of spousal violence prevention measures. Increasing the awareness and understanding of the relationship between violence against women and reproductive health could be achieved if lawyers, researchers, clinicians, practitioners, and government workers from multiple disciplines and agencies worked together.

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Community forest management (CFM) has received increasing worldwide attention from governments, researchers and educational institutions over the past two decades. cannot transfer appropriate technology to community people due to lack of legal support, (iii) scope for developing effective strategies for sustainable CFM by combining traditional knowledge with existing scientific knowledge is limited, (iv) a formal institutional arrangement for CFM does not exist, and (v) community members' access to the hard technology of CFM is limited. Therefore, in addition to legalizing CFM, a 2 formal institutional framework for elaboration, implementation and control of CFM is essential to achieve sustainable CFM in Thailand.

Wide acceptance of sustainable development as a concept and goal of forest management has shifted forest management policy from traditional to people-oriented policy.Consequently, forest management has become more complex as there are now multiple objectives to attain. A gap exits between what is known and what is utilized one, which hinders the sustained participation of farmers. This gap arose mainly due to the interruption of the flow of information. In the case of participatory forestry, the flow of information requires a broader approach that goes beyond forests and trees and includes different stakeholders. Thus policy-makers, planners and project designers should incorporate relevant information in participatory forest management strategies within the context of dynamic interaction between stakeholders, trees and forests. They should understand the impact of factors such as policy, economics and conflicts on the sustained participation of farmers. This study aims at identifying factors that may influence farmers towards sustained participation in participatory forestry. The study is based on primary cross-sectional data. To meet the objective of the study, 581 participants were selected using stratified random sampling and data were collected through a structured questionnaire by interviewing the selected participants. In order to identify the dominant factors for sustained participation of farmers, logistic regression analysis was performed.The analysis noted the following results: (a) farmers' sustained participation is positively and significantly correlated with (i) satisfaction of participants with planted tree species 2 on their plots; (ii) confidence of participants on receiving aspired benefits; (iii) providing training to participants on different aspects of participatory forestry; and (iv) participant's contribution of money to Tree Farming Funds; and (b) farmers' sustained participation is negatively and significantly correlated with (i) disruption of local people's interests through implementation of participatory forestry program; and (ii) long delay in harvesting of trees after completion of contractual agreement period.

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