RF ablation and PMC thus far have had equivalent therapeutic effects, complication rates, and rates of residual foci of untreated disease. However, RF tumor ablation can be achieved with fewer sessions.

The authors found an increase in the biliary stricture rate in the duct-to-duct choledochocholedochostomy group. Because of greater physiologic bilioenteric continuity, less incidence of leakage, and easy endoscopic access, duct-to-duct reconstruction represents a feasible technique in right lobe LDLT.

Combined radiofrequency ablation plus TACE and radiofrequency ablation alone have equivalent effectiveness for the treatment of small (< or =3 cm) HCCs, so the combination treatment may not be necessary.

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