<p>Abstract : One of the efforts to increase the productivity of paddy rice by setting the<br />right spacing. At this time,  developing technology engine planting of rice seedlings<br />(rice transplanter) which introducing plant spacing ranging from narrow spacing to<br />large plant spacing both on legowo row planting system and tile planting system. With<br />regard to the introduction of these technologies, further research is needed in the<br />effect of plant spacing on growth, productivity (grain yield) and income of paddy rice<br />farmers. The assessment was carried out on the wetland of farmer group of Rukun<br />Tani Sulur  Blimbing Village of Sragen Regency on July – October 2014. The<br />assessment consisted of 3 planting distance treatment of legowo row 2: 1 planting<br />system, ie 20 x 10 x 40 cm, 20 x 13 x 15 cm and 20 x 15 x 40 cm, each treatment<br />repeated 7 times. The area of each treatment is about 0.33 ha. The assessment<br />involves 7 farmers, each farmer carrying out 3 treatment. The seedlings using legowo<br />2:1planting system of rice transplanter. This rice transplanter has 3 combination of<br />plant distance, that is 20 x 10 x 40 cm, 20 x 13 x 15 cm and 20 x 15 x 40 cm. The data<br />collected includes the number of productive tillers, productivity, input and output of<br />farming. Data analysis to compare between 3 treatment by using paired t test. While<br />the analysis of financial feasibility of paddy farming technology using partial budget<br />analysis. The results of this assessment showed that a legowo row 2:1 planting system<br />with plant distance 20 x 15 x 40 cm resulted in highest productive tillers, productivity<br />and income compared to the legowo 2:1 with a narrower plant distance 20 x 10 x 40<br />cm and 20 x 13 x 40 cm.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak: Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi sawah melalui<br />pengaturan jarak tanam yang tepat. Pada saat ini, berkembang teknologi mesin tanam<br />bibit padi (rice transplanter) yang mengintroduksikan jarak tanam mulai dari jarak<br />tanam sempit sampai dengan jarak tanam lebar baik pada sistem tanam jajar legowo<br />maupun sistem tanam tegel. Berkenaan dengan introduksi teknologi tersebut perlu<br />dilakukan penelitian lebih dalam pengaruh jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan,<br />produktivitas (hasil gabah) dan pendapatan petani padi sawah. Pengkajian<br />dilaksanakan pada lahan sawah kelompok tani Rukun Tani Sulur  Desa Blimbing Kec.<br />Sambirejo Kab. Sragen Jawa Tengah pada MT-3 2014. Pengkajian terdiri dari 3<br />perlakuan jarak tanam pada sistem tanam jajar legowo 2:1, yaitu  20 x 10 x 40 cm, 20<br />x 13 x 15 cm dan 20 x 15 x 40 cm dengan 7 kali ulangan. Luas masing-masing<br />perlakuan sekitar 0,33 ha.  Pengkajian melibatkan 7 orang petani, setiap petani<br />melaksanakan 3 perlakuan. Tanam bibit padi menggunakan mesin tanam bibit padi  4<br />baris sistem tanam jajar legowo 2:1. Mesin tanam ini mempunyai 3 kombinasi  jarak<br />tanam, yaitu  20 x 10 x 40 cm, 20 x 13 x 15 cm dan 20 x 15 x 40 cm.  Data yang<br />dikumpulkan meliputi jumlah anakan produktif, produktivitas, input dan output<br />usahatani.  Analisis data untuk membandingkan antara 3 perlakuan jarak tanam dilakukan uji t berpasangan dengan menggunakan software SPSS Statistics 17.0. <br />Sedangkan analisis kelayakan finansial teknologi usahatani padi sawah menggunakan<br />analisis anggaran parsial.  Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tanam jajar<br />legowo 2:1 dengan jarak tanam lebar (20 x 15 x 40 cm) menghasilkan jumlah anakan<br />produktif,  produktivitas dan pendapatan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sistem tanam<br />jajar legowo 2:1 dengan jarak tanam yang lebih sempit (20 x 10 x 40 cm dan 20 x 13 x<br />40 cm).</p>

<p>Rice  is  still  the  main  food  staple  for  Indonesian  people,  therefore  rice commodity  has  a  strategic  position  either  on  economics,  environmental,  social  and political  aspect.  Lately,  some  rice  production  centre  area  in  Central  Java  have experienced  a  scarcity  in  labour  specially  for  rice  seedling  activity.   To  solve  this problem labour efficiency is needed by using transplanter to cultivate rice seed.  The objective  of  this  study  are  to  know  the  efficiency  of  labor  time  and  to  identify  the perfomance of rice farming system with transplanter.  This study was done in Klaten District by using survey method to 30 rice farmers.  To identify efficiency of labor time with  compare  of  time  spent  on  farm  between  manually  and  using  transplanter, whereas  to  identify  the  perfomance  of  rice  farming  system  with  transplanter  BCR (Benefit  Cost  Ratio)  can  be  used.  The  result  showed  that  the  labour  needed  for seedling  until  cultivating  manually  is  32,79  of  male’s  hours  and  23,79  of   female’s hours, whereas by using it is transplanter only needed 18,67 male’s hours and none for female’s hours. If BCR with and no transplanter compared, rice farming after using  transplanter  has  a  higher  (3,56)  feasibility  compare  to  none  it  (2,35). Therefore, to increase production and farmer’s income, as well as labour efficiency also were it is recommended to use transplanter.</p>

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Farm  labor  scarcity  could  delay  planting  time  and  not  simultaneously planting,  so  that  it  has  influence  to  the  index  of  rice  planting,  OPT’s  disturbance which eventually affects to rice production. This condition requires the presence of the rice seedling  planting machines, one of those is rice transplanter. This research aims to find out the technical and financial feasibility of rice transplanter viewed from business  services  and  farming  utilizing  rice  transplanter.  The  application  of  rice transplanter,  was carried out in Somomorodukuh village, Plupuh sub district, Sragen district  in  MT-1  2012/2013.  The  collected  data  includes  the  performance  and  the operational  cost  of  rice  transplanter,  paddy  productivity  as  well  as  the  cost  of  rice farming’s.  For  finding  out  the  financial  feasibility  of  rice  transplanter’s  business services, it was used Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), BenefitCost Ratio (B/C) and Pay Back Periode (PP) analysis. To find out the feasibility of planting technology change, it was used Losses and Gains analysis. The result shows that (1) the use of rice transplanter can help solve the problem of farm labor scarcity, (2) the business service of rice transplanter is feasible to run and to develop widely with NPV=Rp22.4 millions, IRR=59.59%, B/C=1.26 and PP=2.42 years, (3) planting using rice transplanter can increase income as much as  Rp2,690,000/ha/season with marginal B/C as much as 23.42, so that it’s worth to widely be implemented, and (4) the use of rice transplanter can benefit both sides, namely the owner and the farmer.

The welfare of small farmer households has been essential; however, many of them who rely upon only on-farm find it difficult to cover their household expenses. The aims of the study were to identify various types of farmer household income sources and to analyze factors affecting farmer household income and expenditure. The study conducted in Boloh village, Toroh sub-district of Grobogan district from July to August 2018 analyzed data collected qualitatively, which referred to data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal of conclusions using interactive analysis. The result showed that the average income of farmer households from on-farm was IDR. 18.987.000 per year, off-farm IDR. 14,825,000, and non-farm was IDR 25,925,000 per year; thus, the total of both was IDR 4,978,000 per month on average. Meanwhile, the average the total expenses was IDR 24,335,000 per year or IDR 2,028,000 per month consisting of food and transportation (61%), housing and appliances (6%), Household Facilities (13%), education and health (4%), agriculture (3%), and others (14%). Farmers depending only on agricultural activities without having non-farm jobs shall not be able to cover household expenses needed. Farmers should change their agricultural practices from traditional to modern. The government should have farmer provided supporting policy.