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The purpose of this article is to provide a brief introduction and review regarding basic principles of pharmacology, including terminology and colloquialisms, as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of ototoxic agents. As an audiology practitioner, it is more important than ever to have a working knowledge regarding the known and proposed mechanisms of action for drugs and chemicals with known ototoxicity potential. Additionally, this article provides a discussion regarding the biochemistry behind distribution, which is a major step in determining ototoxic potential of known and potential ototoxins.

Psychotropic medications are often prescribed in combination for co-morbid conditions including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, insomnia and chronic pain. The combinations of these medications can lead to side effects including severe gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, and loose bowel movements.