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: The side-effects of permethrin (20% EC) as a Simulium larvicide on aquatic invertebrates and fish was studied under operational vector control conditions to contribute to the evaluation of the product for its possible adoption by the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa. After 15 weekly applications of the formulation at 0.045 litre per m(3) of water discharge, drift samples virtually contained no Ephemeroptera. Saxicolous fauna density and proportional diversity were also affected. However, both drift and saxicolous fauna recovered to almost pretreatment levels a month after treatment was terminated. Fish showed some evidence of stress but remained in the active treated zone to make trends of catches in the area comparable with those of the control station. The treatment did not result in fish mortalities, and the condition of fish before and after the experimental period was significantly unchanged. Thus, operational use of permethrin by the Programme would not be expected to have permanent adverse effects on the non-target fauna.

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Preserving the forest is a "vital" action for maintaining the climate balance and promoting eco-tourism. The history mentions that the Ivorian forests played an important role in the dynamics of the development of the country because they sheltered a great diversity floristic and wildlife. Unfortunately, from 16 million hectares at the beginning of the last century (1900), the dense rainforest increased to 9 million hectares in 1965 and 3 million hectares in 1991. Today, it is estimated at about 2.5 million hectares. This situation is attributable to extensive agriculture based on the technique of shifting cultivation, the overexploitation of the forest with timber and wood energy and bush fires. Moreover, the phenomenon of forest infiltration with regard to the occupation or colonization of forest areas, particularly in the southwest of the country by migrants to build houses and / or villages, is an important factor in the disappearance of the forest.

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