No abstract

Diabetic patient tend to suffer from lower extremity complication that contribute to the occurence of diabetic foot ulcer. Smallanthus sonchifolius or yacon leaves extract has been used as an alternative medicine for diabetes and also showed antibacterial activity. This research aims to obtain the antihyperglycemic and diabetic wound healing activity of yacon leaves extract. Diabetic condition of rat was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg bw) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg bw). Rats were then allowed to develop diabetes for 21 days. A biopsy punch then was used to create a wound. Yacon leaves extract were administered by oral and topical for 14 day. The serum glucose level and diameter of the wound were measured every week, and histopatology study of the skin was conducted at the end of the study. Oral administration of yacon leaves extract (150 mg/kg bw) together with topical administration showed antihyperglycemic as well as diabetic wound healing activities comparable to the reference drugs (glibenclamide oral and nebacetin cream).

Primary health centers is a facility that organizes health efforts at the first level to achieve health degrees, but in its implementation is still constrained in realizing standard pharmaceutical services. The purpose of the research is to find out the quality of drug management in Tegal City primary Health Center. This study is a non-experimental descriptive study. The study was conducted throughout the primary health center in Tegal City. Data collection is prospective and retrospective by tracing documents to obtain secondary data and direct observations, interviews of pharmaceutical personnel, heads of primary health centers, and heads of the pharmaceutical section to obtain primary data. The next drug management indicator is done descriptive data analysis by calculating the value of the indicator with the formula then compared to the standard and inter primary health care. Indicators of drug management used 28 and those that meet standard 10. Indicator results include conformity of items with disease patterns 76.39%, planning accuracy 321.10%, the accuracy of the number of requests 169.84%, the storage of narcotics 72.92%, the storage of drugs without contamination 98.97%, the storage of high alert drugs 68.15%, the storage of LASA drugs 87.5%, ITOR 1.87 times /year, the availability of drugs 36.08 months, drug items less than 14.01%, safe drug items 37.94%, excess stock items 41.76%, non-prescribed drugs 4.59% and drug value ED 3.85%. These results show that drug management indicators in Tegal City primary health centers have not been efficient and need improvements ranging from the planning stage to control. Indicators that still need improvement include ITOR and all indicators of drug availability. Things that need to be done to improve indicators that have not been efficient include increasing the number and quality of pharmaceutical human resources in primary health centers, increasing supervision of drug use and control, building communication, and a good organizing culture in primary health centers.

Pharmaceutical installations have an important role in improving and providing effective services to achieve patient satisfaction. Patients' complaints occur if they receive a service that does not meet expectations. The hospital management must investigate the causes of patients' complaints. Solving the patients' complaints indicates that the hospital can fulfill their expectations. The purpose of this study is to examine the results of servqual on service quality, customer satisfaction index, and importance-performance analysis on service quality and complaint handling. This research employed a descriptive design with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 100 outpatients. The respondents' answers were then analyzed using the Cartesian diagram to obtain quadrants A, B, C, and D. Interviews were directly conducted with the complaint management and pharmaceutical installation staff to explore the attributes included in quadrant A (top priority). The patients were selected using the purposive sampling method. Finally, the data were analyzed using the servqual analysis, importance-performance analysis, and customer satisfaction index. The result shows that the service quality dimension has a negative gap value. The reliability dimension has the smallest gap while the responsiveness dimension has the largest gap. The result of the customer satisfaction index shows that outpatient satisfaction with the service quality and complaint handling has a value of 56.53%. Thus, this dimension is categorized as quite satisfying. The result of the importanceperformance analysis shows that the dimensions included in quadrant A are the tangible evidence dimension, including poor physical facilities, and the responsiveness dimension, including patients' long waiting time to manage prescriptions and complaint handling.This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA license.