The unusual disorder known as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which is most frequently seen in children and young adults, is caused by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. Even if clinical signs and radiographic evidence of destructive bone lesions may raise suspicion of the disease, a reliable diagnosis without a thorough pathological examination is challenging. This report describes a case of eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible in a nine-year-old child with characteristic radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features.

BackgroundFractures of the mandibular condyle are common and account for 25% to 50% of all fractures of the mandible. Various methods exist for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of condylar fractures. This study was done to explore three-dimensional (3D) plates as a viable option. AimThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of 3D trapezoidal plates in open reduction and internal fixation of subcondylar fractures. Materials and methodologyThis was a non-randomized clinical trial conducted on 20 patients who reported at the

IntroductionMandibular fractures have the highest incidence next to nasal bone fractures of which condylar fractures account for one-third of it. Various approaches for condylar fracture include intraoral and extraoral approaches such as coronal, preauricular, postauricular, endaural, endoscopic, rhytidectomy, transparotid, submandibular, and retromandibular approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the minipreauricular incision in open reduction and internal fixation of condylar and subcondylar fractures of the mandible. Materials and methodsTwenty patients with condylar fracture underwent open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia using a modified mini-preauricular incision and subdermal dissection approach. Parameters assessed were pain, mouth opening, occlusal derangement, accessibility of fracture site, duration of surgery, neurosensory deficit (facial nerve), postoperative edema, wound infection, wound dehiscence, and scar. Patients were followed up at an interval of one week, one month, three months, and six months. ResultsOn comparing the parameters preoperatively and postoperatively, occlusal derangement, mouth opening, and pain showed statistical significance with a p-value of 0.01, while nerve weakness and scar assessment showed a high level of statistical significance with a p-value of 0.001. The anatomical reduction of the condyle and internal fixation with miniplates was easy when this approach was used. Patients showed transient facial nerve paralysis only. No permanent damage was noted. The resultant scar was aesthetically acceptable. DiscussionThe mini-preauricular approach is an effective and safe technique for open reduction and internal fixation of condylar and subcondylar fractures. This approach provided good access, good cosmetic results, and patient satisfaction. This approach resulted in very less morbidity to the facial nerve.

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BACKGROUND Sialoliths often referred to as salivary calculi constitute 0.45% in regular clinical practice and mainly characterize the ducts of parotid and submandibular salivary glands. Sialolith is composed of both organic and mineral substances. However, only few studies exist on the characterization and distribution of the inorganic and organic matter in the sialolith. In our study, we aim at correlating the patient's serum characteristics to the inorganic materials in the sialolith in order to deduce an association between the two. METHODS 14 patients were included in study (11 males and 3 females). Only patients with sialoliths in submandibular gland proper were included and those with sialoliths in ducts were excluded. Radiological investigations and confirmation of provisional diagnosis was done followed by blood tests that were given in fasting state. Removal of submandibular gland along with sialolith was done under general anaesthesia through submandibular approach. The excised gland and sialolith were sent to lab for histopathological and mineral analysis respectively. The results of both serum values and mineral analysis of sialolith were compared statistically. RESULTS The mean age group of the entire study group was 52.5 ± 8.7 years. Submandibular gland sialoliths were found on the right side in 8 patients (57.14%). The mean dimensions of the submandibular gland sialolith measured from the CT scan was: superoinferiorly 19 ± 8.7 mm, antero-posteriorly 20.4 ± 8.1 mm, and medio-laterally 9.4 ± 4.7 mm. All the sialoliths that were included in study were more than 1.5 cm which is regarded as giant in size. The histopathological examination was suggestive of chronic sialadenitis in all cases. The average weight of all salivary stones was found to be 1107.9 ± 503.2 mg.