The purpose of this study is to describe students' mathematical reasoning abilities in solving mathematical problems. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of the study consisted of 10 XI grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta, selected by purposive sampling. The instrument used to explore the ability of mathematical reasoning is a description test, followed by an interview. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the reasoning of SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta students in solving mathematical problems is more dominant using inductive reasoning of 70%, which is far greater than deductive reasoning which is only 30%. Another interesting finding from this study, students tend to use the inductive reasoning and the difficulty or not thought of using deductive reasoning in solving mathemathics problem, but when interviews are given guidance it turns out that some of them are capable of using deductive reasoning. The tendency of inductive reasoning, associated with students who are easier to think with real specific facts in solving abstract mathematics problems. This inductive reasoning is formed because inlearning, to facilitate students' understanding in the mastery of abstract mathematical concepts, the teacher provides spesific concrete examples to conclude a more general concept. To build a deductive mindset, it should teach an understanding of bastract mathematical concepts, although starting from a spesific example but the teacher must deliver gradually so that the correct logic can conclude a general concept.

This research aims to describe the ability of student's mathematical literacy consisting of four contents, namely space and shape, change and relationship, quantity, and uncertainly. Next, it is defined on which the lowest content of student's ability, how the perform of students on the process of literacy and basic skills of mathematics, and what causes students are not able to provide correct answers to the certain problem. By knowing where the weaknesses of students on certain mathematical literacy content will make us better know which content should be more taught. This research used the qualitative descriptive method, with research subjects consisting of six students of class VII SMP Negeri 2 Pacitan which selected using purposive sampling. The instruments which used to explore the ability of mathematical literacy of students in the form of written tests followed by interviews. The results showed the ability of mathematical literacy in term of space and shape content of 13.3%; content change and relationships of 21.4%; content quantity of 36%; and uncertainly content of 29.3%. The percentages were obtained based on the student's answers at the time of the test and reinforced by interviews. It is shown that the student's mathematical literacy ability on space and shape content is the lowest. Students were not able to do the literacy process yet, that was formulate, employ, and interpret on the content space and shape. In the context of basic mathematics skills, most students were only able to meet the communication and devising strategies. Students were not able to provide correct answers to mathematical literacy context on space and shape because students did not understand the given problem or the students understood the given problem but the students could not use the right strategy in solving the problem.