Background In the last few decades, the air, water, and soil are contaminated due to different anthropogenic activities and severely affect the environmental quality. Pollution is the harmful effect and creates undesirable changes in the land use and land cover pattern. The growth of urbanization leads to the degradation of the ecosystem and ultimately affects the living and non-living organisms. In view of these, the present investigation is carried out to assess the heavy metal pollution in major towns due to the impact of urbanization in Kannur district and desirable conclusions were drawn. Results The results shows that higher level of heavy metal pollution is observed in major towns of Kannur district. Conclusion The heavy metal contamination in the major towns of Kannur district is mainly due the anthropogenic activities. The discharge of domestic effluents and industrial waste is the major source of heavy metal pollution. In-depth studies and proper waste management plans are needed to decrease the level of heavy metal contamination prevailing in the study area.

There is no difference of opinion about the idea that development of water and hydroelectric power resources in the Indo-Nepal region would be of substantial mutual benefit to both countries. Any development in the region of Nepal and the Indian States of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar would be of considerable benefit to the people, as this region is one of the poorest in the world. Large projects have been discussed between the two countries for several decades. However, none of these projects has reached even the design stage. Consequently benefits from these projects will take at least two or more decades to reach the people. The present study was undertaken to understand the reasons for lack of progress in these projects. The problem is stated first, followed by a description of the physical features of the area under consideration. The water and power projects already undertaken and important projects which are being considered are discussed next. Several reasons for the lack of action, and the needs for research, are specified. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations.

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