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Methanol leaf extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was investigated for phytochemical compositions, antioxidants, antimicrobial and safety profile. The antibacterial study was carried out using agar well diffusion method, while antioxidant activities were evaluated by 2, 2′diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. A total of fifteen rats were divided into three groups (5 rats each) and were given 0, 250 and 500 mg/kg bwt of the extract orally for 28 days. Results revealed that tannins (24.72±0.36 g) is the most abundant phytochemicals followed by phenols (6.01±0.89 mg/g) while alkaloid (0.19±0.67 mg/g) was the least. Extract demonstrated antioxidant activities with IC 50 of the 244.98±5.24 µg/mL and 462.755 ± 6.98 µg/mL in DPPH and FRAP assays respectively. The extract inhibited the bacteria growth with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) values ranged between 7.5-60 μg mL -1 and 60-12 μg mL -1 respectively . The concentrations of albumins, bilirubins sodium, potassium, creatinine, serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were not significantly (p>0.05) altered by the extract. Urea concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher while proteins were lower in rats treated with 500 mg/kg bw of the extract. Methanol extract of E. camaldulensis could be considered as a cheap source of effective and safe herbal remedy with potential candidate for the development of a new drug.

Water quality assessment of some seleted well waters of Sabo Yeregi in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger state was carried out using standard analytical methods. Water is a valued natural resource for survival of all living things; the importance of assessing the quality of this valued resource cannot be overemphasized. In this study, the physical, chemical and microbial values were analyzed from six well water samples collected from Sabo Yeregi, Katcha Local Government Area of Niger State using standard methods. The pH ranges 6.30 ± 0.04 to 7.15 ± 0.07. Nitrite ranged from 0.03 ± 0.02 to 0.11± 0.01mg/L. Well 1(85.45 ± 0.64) has the highest total dissolved solids (TDS). Iron recorded 0.24 ± 0.02mg/L as the highest and 0.07 ± 0.00 mg/L as the lowest in well 5 and 6 respectively. The hardness for well 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were 113.50 ± 0.71, 38.00 ±1.42, 63.00 ± 0.00, 27.50 ± 0.71, 31.50 ± 0.71 and38.00 ± 1.42mg/L respectively. The sulphate concentration is 64.68 ± 0.06, 89.22 ± 0.09, 92.74 ± 0.09 29.01 ± 0.09, 102.27 ± 0.41, and 77.25 ± 0.11mg/L for well 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. The highest temperature recorded was 29.06± 0.090C and the lowest was 27.92± 0.02 well 5 and 3 respectively. The turbidity was 4.42 ± 0.06, 0.50 ± 0.04, 0.36 ± 0.08, 2.06 ± 0.06, 2.37 ± 0.21 and 2.47 ± 0.05NTU for well 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. All the parameters were within the NSDWQ and WHO standard except pH in well 1, 2, 6, hardness, nitrate in (well 4) and manganese (in well 3). All the samples contain coliform with the exception of well 5 but there is no present of E.coli in any of the sample.

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