No abstract

L-Glutamate (Glu)-induced current responses were studied in 119 isolated OFF-type bipolar cells of the cat retina. Cells were recorded by the patch clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration. Glu induced a current carried by alkali metal ions and divalent cations with a permeability ratio of PNa:PK:PCs:PCa = 1:0.94:1.32:0.57. Sensitivity to Glu was highest in the dendritic region. Kainate and AMPA worked as potent agonists, but neither APB, L-aspartate, ACPD, nor NMDA (all at 100 microM) was effective. The Glu-induced response was antagonized by > 1 microM CNQX. We inferred that OFF-type bipolar cells have a non-NMDA receptor channel that is permeable to alkali metal ions with low selectivity, but not NMDA receptor or metabotropic Glu receptor.

Although HRT II did not detect glaucoma as well as optic nerve stereophotographs in this Japanese population, it may play a role in community health screening.

No abstract

EI/EGT alone is an effective, minimally invasive method for treatment of simple CCO. Additional lacrimal surgery (iDR/ EGT, enDCR, and canaliculo-DCR) is effective for complicated CCO.