These results suggest that pretreatment primary tumor SUV(max) and ADC correlate significantly and negatively and both may have similar potential to predict DFS or disease events of HNSCC.

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The adherence of circulating leukocytes to the vascular endothelium is a critical step in the emigration of leukocytes through blood vessel walls to inflammatory lesions. The influence of nasal secretions on the adherence of neutrophils to the vascular endothelium was investigated using monolayers of human mucosal microvascular endothelial cells derived from the inferior turbinate. Preincubation of vascular endothelial cells with retention fluids from the maxillary sinus of the patients with chronic sinusitis showed increased neutrophil adherence. Recombinant IL-1 beta was also tested and found to induce adherence of neutrophils to human mucosal microvascular endothelial cells. However, no adhesive effect was observed with the nasal secretions of nasal allergy. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected considerable amounts of IL-1 beta in the chronic sinusitis retention fluids, while the amounts of IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha were very low. The increased adhesion of the neutrophils by the retention fluids of chronic sinusitis was also neutralized by the incubation with anti-IL-1 beta antibody in a dose dependent manner. These findings suggest that IL-1 beta in the paranasal secretion of chronic sinusitis induces the adherence of neutrophils to vascular endothelium and subsequent infiltration of neutrophils in the paranasal sinuses, thus contributing to the persistence of chronic sinusitis.

We investigated the interactions between nasal polyp-derived fibroblast-like cells (NPFCs) and nasal secretions to clarify the role of connective tissue metabolism in nasal and paranasal pathology, especially in chronic sinusitis. In response to stimulation by human interleukin 1 (IL-1), NPFCs produced latent collagenase. Collagenase production was also stimulated by nasal secretions from patients with chronic sinusitis in vitro, but not by nasal secretions from nasal allergic patients. A soluble factor was isolated from the nasal secretions of patients with chronic sinusitis by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. High performance liquid chromatography indicated that the molecular weight of the active fraction was approximately 20,000 daltons. This factor affected NPFCs, but did not affect the endothelial cells derived from nasal mucosa in culture. Collagenase production by NPFCs was considerably inhibited by anti-IL-1 antibody. These results indicate that IL-1 is one major factor to prolong the nasal and paranasal inflammatory lesions.