Body wash cosmetics are among the most popular and numerous groups of cosmetic products. In chemical terms, they are solutions of surface active agents with the addition of multiple substances such as preservatives, moisturizing agents, fragrances or viscosity modifiers, the aim of which is to improve specific product properties. The present study evaluated the effect of the molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the properties of face washing products in the form of foam produced with foaming dispensers. A special focus was on key product quality characteristics including foaming properties and skin irritation potential. An addition of PVP to the formulation was found to contribute to an improvement in product foaming properties and a decrease in skin irritation potential. In addition, the studied properties of samples were shown to improve in proportion to the increasing molecular weight of the polymer.

The motor protein dynein was introduced into a nanotransport system. We oriented microtubules by their polarity, and immobilized them based on a dynein-microtubule gliding assay system. This system achieved unidirectional transport of kinesin-coated microbeads. In contrast to conventional kinesin-based orientation systems, the dynein-based system allowed the reverse motion of microtubules, resulting in an inversion of the orientation of microtubule polarity and thus reverse transport of kinesin-coated microbeads. This combined kinesin- and dynein-based system constitutes a new means to facilitate the bidirectional orientation of microtubules and transport of cargos in a nanofluidic system.

This paper gives the analysis in the natural gas decompression behavior in pipelines as one of the important items for predicting the fracture safety of latest high-pressure natural gas transmission. By combining "British Gas Theoretical Model of Rich Gas Decompression" and "BWRS Equation of State", authors successfully developed the computational program, which can calculate dual-phase decompression curves of the natural gases. In the calculated results, the phenomenon of the "plateau" in the dual-phase decompression curve has been confirmed. Authors also numerically simulated the natural gas decompression behavior in pipelines and analyzed the fracture initiation process. It was shown that the initiation period is too short to influence the gas decompression curves.KEY WORDS: natural gas decompression behavior; high-pressure natural gas transmission; dual-phase decompression curve; fracture initiation process.

An extremely crowded cycloheptatriene derivative, 1,3,5-tri-tert-butyl-7-(9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl)-1,3,5cycloheptatriene (1), underwent autoxidation at 25 °C in cyclohexane to give 4-tert-butyl-2pivaloylphenol (3) (33%), 5-tert-butyl-2-pivaloylphenol (4) (11%), 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene (5) (5%), tert-butyl 9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl peroxide (6) (44%), bis(9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl) peroxide (7) (7%), 1,1′,3,3′,5,5′-hexa-tert-butyl-7,7′-bicycloheptatriene (8) (2%), and carbon monoxide (4%). ESR studies showed that 1 dissociates into 1,3,5-tri-tert-butyltropyl radical (11) and 9-phenylfluorenyl radical (12) at 25-85 °C. The enthalpy and entropy of dissociation were determined to be 23.3 kcal/mol and 22.0 cal/mol‚K, respectively. The formation of 3-5 can be explained by a mechanism involving attack of molecular oxygen to 11 and subsequent valence tautomerism of cycloheptatrienyloxyl radicals to norcaradienyloxyl radicals.