No abstract

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The COVID-19 virus first appeared in Wuhan, China, and has affected the whole world. Due to COVID-19, which spreads rapidly and causes death, countries have taken their own pandemic measures. The first case of COVID-19 was seen in Turkey on March 11, 2020, and on the same day, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Turkey has implemented measures such as full closure and partial closure throughout the country in certain periods during the pandemic process. These measures have increased the time people spend at home and have led to differences in their general lifestyles. These differences have caused various effects, especially on ecological carrying capacity, as well as the changes in the world's economic and social consumption habits (electricity, heating, transportation, etc.). It is observed that the changing human habits due to the pandemic are effective in ecological developments, in cities having cleaner air and environment, and in the positive renewal of natural life. One of the most important components of the ecological footprint, which is used to make ecological differences measurable and comparable, is the carbon footprint. In this study, the individual change in the carbon footprint is discussed and the positive environmental changes in Turkey are questioned in relation to individual human activities. The study comparatively examines pre-COVID-19 (before 1 March 2020) and post-COVID-19 (after 1 March 2020) in terms of individual carbon footprint.

Gender roles constitute the basis of the adoption of the idea that “Women's place is at home”.The roles that society imposes on men and women create social differences and boundaries between the sexes. While marginalizing women, it keeps men at a higher level and causes inequalities between men and women in social life. The city, which is one of the places where inequality and oppression is most evident, sees men as hosts, but welcomes women. From past to present, It will be discussed how the evolution of gender roles in Turkish history is reflected in urban open spaces today. Landscape architects are also responsible for urban open space design with equal accessibility for every segment of society. Landscape architecture branch is responsible for designing that space in a way that every user can use, instead of imposing a gender discrimination on urban open spaces. Every individual is the sole user of public spaces where they can feel safe and free. In this study, the pressures and inequalities created by gender roles that underlie the woman's inability to see herself as a user of the city have been defined. It is aimed to reveal the relationship between the social infrastructure of this situation and the landscape architecture branch, which is one of the environmental design professionals.