Objectives Ischemic stroke is known as a common causes of disability, lower psychological well-being as well as preventable death. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke process becomes worse immediately after oxidative stress occurs. One of the flavonoids with antioxidant abilities is quercetin. This study was aimed to investigate quercetin administration on the behavioral functions (motor and sensory) and expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in mice with ischemic stroke. Methods Male ICR mice were divided into sham, stroke, stroke with quercetin 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. The stroke model was performed by blocking the left common carotid artery for 2 h. Quercetin was intraperitoneally administered daily for seven days. Evaluation was conducted during two weeks after induction using ladder rung walking test and narrow beam test for motoric function and adhesive removal tape test for sensory function. On day-14 mice were sacrificed, MC4R expression in the dorsal striatum was determined using RT-PCR. Results Stroke decreased the motor, sensory function and MC4R mRNA expression in dorsal striatum. Quercetin improved motor and sensory function, and upregulated expression of MC4R. Conclusions Quercetin administration after ischemic stroke improves behavioral function, possibly through the upregulation of MC4R in the brain.

Covid-19 is a new type of deadly virus. Vaccination is one solution to get out of this pandemic. The emergence of various hoaxes in the community about the Covid-19 vaccine, resulted in a decrease in public interest in carrying out vaccinations. As an effort to make the vaccination program a success, it is necessary to socialize the benefits of vaccines in Islamic boarding schools to facilitate the face-to-face teaching and learning process. The socialization went smoothly and got a good response from the students, seen from the number of students who asked questions related to vaccines.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes neuronal plasticity and increased hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis of stress disorders. The change in metabolism is reportedly associated with inadequate response to antianxiety and antidepressant agents. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of milnacipran antidepressants on anxiety-like behavior in mice with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Male ICR mice were divided into naive, stress, diabetes mellitus (DM), DM + stress groups to measure anxiety-like behavior. Diabetes mellitus was induced using alloxan, and electric footshock stress was used as a stressor for 14 consecutive days. Anxiety-like behavior was measured using the light-dark box (LDB) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test at days 0, 7 and 14. The antidepressant milnacipran (MIL) was given for 7 days, on days 8 to 14. On day 14, evaluation of anxiety-like behavior after administration of MIL was carried out in all groups using LDB and EPM tests. Results: The results showed that administration of milnacipran effectively ameliorated anxiety-like behavior in the non-DM, but not in the DM group, using the LDB test. A similar result was demonstrated in the EPM test showing the non-DM group's attenuation after milnacipran administration. Conclusion: The present results indicate that there is an inadequate attenuation of the anxiety-like behavior after treatment with milnacipran in diabetes conditions.

The purpose of this study was to find out whether the use of antibiotics in typhoid fever patients at the inpatient installation of the North Lombok - Tanjung Hospital met the rationality requirements which included the right patient, the right dose, the right drug, and the right indication according to the medical service standards (SPM) of North Lombok Hospital - Tanjung in 2017. This research is a non-experimental study. The research was carried out at the North Lombok - Tanjung Hospital. The results showed that, according to inpatient medical record data available at the North Lombok - Tanjung Hospital in 2021, there were 14 cases of children diagnosed with typhoid fever. The results showed that the selection of the type of antibiotic used for the treatment of typhoid fever was chloramphenicol at 42.85%, then the antibiotics cefotaxime, cefixim, tiamfenicol and ceftriaxone each at 14.28%. After evaluating the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients with typhoid fever at Lombok Utara - Tanjung Hospital in 2021, the percentage value for using antibiotics with the right indication was 100%, the right drug was 85.71%, the right dose was 85.71%, and the right patient of 100%.