Gout is more common in men than in women, by a factor of 3.1–10.1. Gout prevalence and incidence have increased in recent decades, with prevalence reaching 11–13% and incidence reaching 0.4% in people over the age of 80. Age-related renal impairment, altered drug distribution, and increased prevalence of comorbidities have significant consequences for safe and effective gout pharmacotherapy. The Discovery of Fruitful in-vivo animal models needs the effective screening of drugs or formulations used in the treatment of gout. In vivo animal models of Gouty arthritis are extensively used to investigate pathogenic mechanisms governing inflammation-driven bone and cartilage damage. Four commonly utilized models include the Potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemic model, MSU crystals induced gouty arthritis animal model, Animal Model of Acute Gouty Arthritis with Hyperuricemia, and Diet-induced hyperuricemia. These offer unique advantages for correlating different aspects of gouty arthritis with human disease. In-vivo animal models served as testing beds for novel biological therapies, including cytokine blockers and small molecule inhibitors of intracellular signaling that have revolutionized gouty arthritis treatment. This review highlights a brief overview of in vivo experimental models for assessment of hypouricemic, anti-inflammatory, as well as renal protective effects of test compounds with some evaluation parameters in detail.

No abstract

The pseudoscientific principle of spontaneous human combustion (SHC) is the combustion of a living human body without an obvious external cause of ignition. Spontaneous Human Combustion eludes condition in which human body is found with huge segments of center parts of body reduced to fiery debris and substantially less harm to the head and extremities, and insignificant harm to the immediate surroundings of the body. The review was aimed to find the possible causalities of Spontaneous Human Combustion. There are basically two types of SHC and the etiology are found on the basis of some hypothesis. All the possible causative factors are covered and a treatment approach is also provided.

No abstract