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Mono-dispersed Ag nanoparticles supported on hierarchical macrotube/mesopore porous carbon substrate show excellent catalytic activity in nitrophenol reduction reactions.

A series of novel green lubricants with dissolved lignin in [Choline][Amino Acid] ([CH][AA]) ionic liquids (ILs) have been synthesized in this work. The effect of lignin on the thermal and tribological properties of the lignin/[CH][AA] lubricants were systematically investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and friction and wear tester. The lignin in [CH][AA] has been demonstrated effective additive to improve thermal stability, reduce wear rate and stabilize friction coefficient of lignin/[CH][AA] lubricants. Density function theory calculation on the electronic structure of [CH][AA] ILs reveals the atomic natural charge of ILs and their hydrogen bonding capability with lignin. Moreover, these green lubricants show excellent anti-corrosive property against commercial aluminum and iron boards. The strong physical adsorption of [CH][AA] ILs onto steel surface and the reciprocal hydrogen bonding between [CH][AA] ILs and lignin synergistically contribute to the enhanced lubrication film strength and thus the tribological property of these new lubricants. This work provides a new perspective on utilizing complete bio-products in advanced tribological lubrication systems. In addition, this will open a new application venue of lignin to improve product value in lignocellulosic biomass utilization.