Endophytic fungi are fungi that live in plant tissues without causing disease symptoms and abnormalities in plants. This study aims to obtain endophytic fungal isolates from local aromatic rice and screening of their ability to produce the IAA hormone as a plant growth promoter. Totally 16 endophytic fungal isolates were isolated from aromatic rice tissue of Pulu Mandoti. Ten isolates obtained from stem, three isolates from the root and three isolates from leaf tissue. The ability of endophytic fungal isolates in producing hormones IAA varied from 0.635 to 2.651 mgl -1 . Similarly, the ability to dissolve phosphate also varied from 0.005 -3.719 mgl -1 , and there is only 1 isolates that caused abnormal growth in rice seedlings.

Integrated management of Rice Tungro Disease (RTD) by combining the appropriate planting time and cultivar rotation has successfully controlled the disease in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. By the early 1990's, about 10 years after the management was implemented, tungro disease incidence was so low that the integrated management was no longer strictly implemented and eventually abandoned. Surprisingly however, the tungro incidence steadily decreases in the area ever since. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to elucidate why the rice tungro disease incidence decreases even when the integrated management is no longer in place. A series of studies was conducted to determine the adaptability of rice Green Leafhopper (GLH), Nephotettix virescens, colonies on different cultivars with different resistance genes against the leafhopper, tungro transmission efficiency in laboratory and in field and tungro viruses (RTBV and RTSV) detection in weeds. The results indicated that all GLH colonies had adapted to all cultivars carrying different GLH resistance genes. For each colony, there were no significant differences between the resistant cultivars and TN-1 (no GLH resistance gene) in: (1) Percent of first instars developing to the second instar nymphs, (2) nymphal development indices, (3) tungro virus transmission efficiency and (4) GLH populations. The PCR results showed that none of the weeds tested contained the rice tungro viruses. Therefore, the study results suggested that the lack of rice tungro inoculums in the weeds was the main reason why tungro incidence decreases from time to time. However, if the rice tungro viruses are reintroduced to the region, the RTD can become devastating because the GLH colonies have already adapted to all available resistance genes. Further studies should be conducted to find and incorporate new resistance genes into commercial cultivars.

Rizosfer merupakan daerah yang ideal untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mikrob antagonis. Nutrisi yang disekresikan tanaman ke dalam rizosfer banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan selanjutnya mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keragaman mikrob di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri dari rhizosfer tanaman dan dari bahan organik di Tana Toraja, dan menguji potensi bakteri tersebut sebagai agens hayati penyakit layu kentang. Sampel tanah diambil dari rizosfer tanaman padi, bambu, kentang, dan terung belanda; serta dari bahan organik kerbau belang dan babi. Uji antagonisme isolasi, Ralstonia solanacearum dan Fusarium oxysporum dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan daya hambat masing-masing isolat bakteri dengan metode biakan ganda serta tahapan identifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari total 74 isolat bakteri, terdapat berturutturut 10 dn 4 isolat bakteri yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan R. solanacearum dan F. oxysporum secara in vitro.

This paper discuss about the potential of fungal rot isolates as phosphate-dissolving fungi and their vegetative growth ability on three solid media. All fungal rot isolates were collected from decayed cocoa plants in Bila Village, Pitu Riase, Sidrap District, South Sulawesi. The potential to dissolve phosphate was examined on Pikovskaya broth media and measured using spectrophotometer. The Vegetative ability to grow on solid media was tested on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Pepton Agar (MPA), and Malt Extract Agar (MEA). The results showed that the highest quantitative ability to dissolve phosphate was observed on fungal rot isolate BPB, followed by JT, BPG, and BPE1isolates. MPA medium supported the best mycelial growth compared with others media.

Wood deterioration were generally occured by the activities of biological agents. Fungal can attack wood and lignoselulosic substances and cause staining and decaying. Its damage levels were vary depending on the attacking fungal species. Eventhough it poses some disadvantages, actually fungy have potential benefits for human life such as nutrient, energy resources, medicine, etc. Fungy from Tabo-tabo educational forest were collected, isolated,and identified in this study. Identification was conducted throughout their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The result showed that the amount of fungal species were nineteen species, i.e: Aspergillus sp.,Poria subacida, Fomes sp., Lenzites sp., Hericium sp., Dacrymyces deliquescens, Ganoderma lucidum, Clitocybe sp., Trametes confragasa, Shizophyllum commune, Periconia sp., dan Helicosporium sp.,Clitocybe sp., Schizophyllum commune, dan Hygrophorus hypotejus,Ganoderma lucidum dan Coprinus atramentarius, Amanitopsis fulva dan Dacrymyces deliquescens, Collybia sp., Amanitopsis fulva, Hygrophorus hypotejus,Coprinus atramentarius, Monilia sitophilia, Gilmaniella sp. dan Conoplea sp. Key words: Wood fungy, deterioration, Tabo-tabo Educational Forest References