Abstract. Four temperatures of heat treatment had been used (110 ºC, 135 ºC, 150 ºC, and 160 ºC) to give different effects on the morphology of PVA nanofibers. Heat treatment changed the crystallinity of PVA nanofibers which was indicated by the changes of XRD FWHM spectral peaks, and the crystallite size. The changes in the intensity of FTIR spectral transmittance were also observed which might be caused by the differences temperature of heat treatment. The larger crystallite size and the smaller XRD FWHM spectral values indicated greater crystallinity of PVA nanofibers that was expected to increase the stability and physical properties of PVA nanofibers.
<span lang="EN-US">This paper investigates the effect of two different heating power control systems of infant incubators on their conducted emissions. Two infant incubators which respectively employ zero-crossing control mode and phase angle control mode are observed. The research was conducted by measuring conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) from each infant incubator's power input. Measurements are conducted both during full power condition, while the incubator's compartment temperature is far away from the temperature setpoint, and during power chopping condition, while the compartment temperature reaches the steady-state set point. Method and limit of the measurement refer to CISPR 11. It is found that conducted emission higher than the standard CISPR 11 limit occurs during power chopping on phase angle control mode. This results from the sharp rise time of voltage delivered to the heater, around 220 ns for each chopping cycle.</span>
<p>Saat ini, pengamatan suhu tubuh dilakukan di berbagai area publik, seperti area masuk perkantoran, area transportasi umum (bandara, stasiun, pelabuhan, dan terminal), serta wilayah perbatasan. Hal tersebut merupakan salah satu upaya deteksi awal dan pencegahan penyebaran <em>coronavirus disease 2019</em> (COVID-19). Pengukuran suhu tubuh di area publik dilakukan menggunakan termometer non-kontak untuk meminimalisasi risiko penyebaran. Termometer non-kontak yang banyak digunakan adalah termometer inframerah jenis genggam (<em>thermogun</em>). Pengukuran suhu tubuh menggunakan termometer inframerah dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya jarak ukur dan jenis termometer inframerah. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran suhu tubuh menggunakan 3 termometer inframerah dengan jarak pengukuran yang divariasi (1 – 20 cm). Pengambilan data dilakukan kepada 10 responden di beberapa lokasi dengan suhu dan kelembaban ruang yang bervariasi. Hasil pengukuran suhu menggunakan 2 termometer medis menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran dengan jarak 1 – 10 cm tidak memiliki perbedaan suhu yang signifikan dengan simpangan sebesar 0,1 dan 0,5 <sup>o</sup>C, namun pada pengukuran dengan jarak 20 cm terjadi simpangan sebesar 0,6 dan 1,1 <sup>o</sup>C. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa jarak pengukuran sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil pengukuran suhu tubuh manusia. Pengukuran suhu tubuh harus dilakukan dengan jarak sesuai spesifikasi masing-masing termometer. Pengukuran suhu tubuh dengan jarak lebih jauh dari spesifikasi akan menghasilkan pembacaan yang kurang akurat. Selain itu, pengukuran suhu tubuh harus menggunakan termometer medis dengan akurasi sekitar ±0,3°C sesuai dengan ASTM E1965-98. </p>
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