INTRODUCTION: Androgenetic alopecia, also known as male pattern baldness, is a common dermatological problem. It manifests as hair thinning and miniaturization of hair follicles. In recent years, knowledge of the risk factors and pathomechanisms of this disease has increased, making treatment more effective. Serious consequences of this condition include reduced quality of life and patient self-esteem. PURPOSE OF THE WORK: The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss selected studies involving agents used in the pharmacotherapy of androgenetic alopecia and to evaluate their safety and efficacy. DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: There are two drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia - oral finasteride 1 mg and 2% or 5% minoxidil solution for topical use. There are also other preparations for external use, such as 0.1% finasteride solution or ketoconaloze shampoo, and for oral use, dutasteride. They seem to be a promising alternative for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, but require further research. It is possible to use one drug of choice or to use combination therapy to achieve better therapeutic effects. SUMMARY: In order to achieve the best and fastest treatment results, patients should be treated with combination therapy consisting of two or more preparations. To reduce systemic side effects, consider using several topical preparations.

INTRODUCTION: Ether is the common name for diethylether (CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3). It is a colorless, volatile and highly flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odor. It was widely used as an anesthetic in the past and is now a component of solvents.  PURPOSE OF THE WORK: The purpose of this paper is to introduce ether as a potentially forgotten substance in the world of Western medicine. Its history, current use, potential for abuse for narcotic purposes, addiction, and the benefits of anesthesia with this agent in impoverished countries. DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: Ether was first synthesized in 1540 by Valerius Cordus. Ether is characterized by rapid absorption, rapid distribution in the central nervous system and rapid, short-lasting effects. Ether has high solubility in blood/gas, which slows both induction and recovery of anesthesia. In developing countries, it is suggested that ether be used as an intraoperative analgesia. But it should be remembered, despite the new psychoactive substances, other inexpensive and readily available intoxicants can be found, among them ether. It has been noted in numerous publications that abuse of ether is associated with abuse of other drugs and/or alcohol dependence. SUMMARY: It is important to remember that ether compounds are widespread. People struggling with the urge to abuse substances can get these substances easily and cheaply. On the other hand, ether anesthesia is a great solution for developing countries. There are situations there that due to lack of funds, some operations are carried out without anesthesia. Ether is cheap, and administering anesthesia with it is quite simple, and could give wonderful relief to these patients.

INTRODUCTION: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common urological malignancy. It accounts for 2% of deaths from all malignancies.  Most cases of renal cell carcinoma are diagnosed incidentally during routine ultrasound or CT scans. Most cases are diagnosed in the asymptomatic stage. The presence of symptoms such as lower extremity edema and varicose veins of the seminal vasculature usually indicate the presence of an advanced neoplastic process.   PURPOSE OF THE WORK: In this article we reviewed the literature on renal cell carcinoma. We collected and compared information on the epidemiology of risk factors, histological classification and treatment of RCC.STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE: According to GLOBOCAN data, there is an increase in the incidence of RCC in developed countries. In the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, the method of choice is surgical excision of the tumor. A kidney-sparing approach is preferred if the conditions exist. VEGF inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and m-TOR kinase inhibitors are used in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.CONCLUSION: Renal cell carcinoma is the most common urological cancer. By promoting healthy lifestyles, patients can significantly reduce their risk of developing it. The method of choice for treatment is still surgical excision of the tumor.