Ethnoveterinary is the total of all practices that enable man to prevent his livestock from diseases, alleviate and relieve suffering to bring about healing, and increase the production and productivity of livestock within a minimum cost. Overutilization, overexploitation, deforestation for fuelwood, and farmland expansion expose some of the plants to threaten. The study was carried out in three randomly selected districts in Northern Gombe State, Nigeria. Among all, 80% of the respondents are male among which 56% are 35 years and above. 43 plants were reported used as ethnoveterinary plants in the area (oral interview) among which only 28 were found to be present in the field (field assessment). Guiera senegalensis is the most abundant plant (7.85%) followed by Piliostigma reticulatum (7.23%), Combretum collinum and Detarium microcarpum (3.00% both). Fabaceae is the most abundant family (30.85%) of the identified plants followed by Combretaceae (15.25%). Plant bark is the most common part used in curing and preventing animals from diseases which subject some of the plants (Burkia africana) to nearly endangered states. 28 plant samples were collected, identified, pressed, and laid in Botany Department Herbarium, Gombe State University, among these, 2 plant samples were not successfully identified. It is recommended that regulatory bodies should be empowered to check the uncontrolled deforestation occurring in the area

Leaf epidermal microscopy of Ipomoea carnea Jacq was studied to investigate the structure of the stomata and epidermal features which may be used for delimitation of the specie. Fresh leaves of Ipomoea carnea were obtained from five different LGA,S (Gombe, Y/deba, Balanga, Funakaye and Dukku ) in Gombe State, Nigeria. The specimens were studied under light microscope to examine the Stomatal features, Epidermal cell shapes and Anticlinal cell-wall patterns. It had the presence of amphistomatic leaves; one type of Stomatal complex type namely Cyclocytic. Accession 1 had the highest Stomatal Density (40.00 ± 1.00mm2) with lowest Stomatal size (51.13±7.47µm) on the Abaxial leaf surfaces while Accession 2 possessed lowest Stomatal density (23.40±7.67mm2) with highest Stomatal Size (88.68±1.95mm2) on the Adaxial leaf surfaces. Curved anticlinal cell wall patterns with polygonal epidermal cell shapes were also observed. It was concluded that the presence of Cylocytic type of stomata, with large stomatal sizes greatly helped in the delimitation of the plant and could also be used for classification /identification of the plant and some of the features such as trichomes could also be used for adaptation purposes.Keywords: Epidermal, Stomata, Ipomoea carnea, Cyclocytic, Trichomes

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According to recent research, severe human-induced deforestation is causing 65 percent of the thirty Forest Reserves spread over Gombe State to progressively transform into the desert. The research was done in the Wawa-Zange Forest Reserve in Gombe State, Nigeria, to assess the richness of woody species and biodiversity preservation. The vegetation was sampled with the Point Centered Quarter technique. A complete enumeration of Woody (Trees and Shrubs) with (Diameter at Breast Height or DBH) ≥10 and ≥5cm was carried out. Using Simpson's Diversity and the Shannon-Wiener index, alpha diversity was evaluated. A total of 51 woody species from 16 families and 41 genera were discovered. 34 were trees while 17 were shrubs. Most species were found in the Fabaceae family. Ceasalpinoidae (10), Mimosoideae (4), Papilionoideae (3), Combretaceae (7), Rubiaceae (5), Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Capparaceae , Moraceae, Tiliaceae had two species each. The other families are namely Apocynaceae, Ebanaceae, Loganiaceae, Meliaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapotaceae, Zygophyllaceae with one species each. Simpson index of Diversity was (0.55) and the Shannon-Wiener index was (2.07). This study concluded that plants with low Importance Value Index or IVI such as Pterocarpus erinaceous, Capparis mitchelli, and Pericopsis laxiflora need urgent conservation measures. Therefore, it is important to properly adopt conservation and sustainable management measures.