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Wireless Sensor Network comprises thousands of small sensor nodes in a physical environment for monitoring and reporting the events. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are forecasted for gathering the data like physical or environmental properties from geographical area. Data gathering is based on the wireless communications between the sensor node and the sink node. Target tracking and multiple data collection are significant application in wireless sensor network. In Wireless Sensor Network, sensor nodes are used to sense the target object with minimum energy and collect data from different locations. However in existing techniques during routing, data gathering and target tracking, the energy consumption was not reduced and network lifetime was not improved.Our key objective is to reduce the energy consumption and data gathering efficiency during the data gathering and target tracking process in WSN. In this work, a survey is carried out with existing techniques for attaining higher energy efficient routing and maximal data gathering efficiency with minimal target tracking time in WSN.

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