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A generalized multiport network analyzer implemented using commercially available hardware is presented. Measurement calibration is accomplished through a novel calibration procedure which requires only conventional standards used for two-port calibrations, The calibration theory accounts for the errors due to the signal switching network but does not systematically remove errors due to signal leakage between port pairs. The approach is verified on a three-port test set implementation, and the measuring system can be expanded to n-ports with additional hardware in a straightforward manner. Experimental verification was carried out through measurement of one, two, and three ports devices connected to the test set ports in several different ways. Excellent agreement of the same corrected S-parameters measured at different test set ports was observed, and confidence in system accuracy is established through measurement of two-port verification standards.

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An overall calibration theory for Multiport Network Analyzers (MNWA) is presented. A general algorithm is developed to exploit the redundancy inherent in MNWA selfcalibration. Linear dependency conditions given by using oneport or two-port standards to calibrate a MNWA are analyzed, by deriving novel criteria for multiport self-calibration. It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that an n-port test set can be calibrated by using only one two-port standard and one load. The excellent accuracy reached by means of this new theory opens new alternatives to a metrological qualification of MNWA for n-port device testing.