The authors consider international migration in the Russian Arctic. The presence of a large-scale mining industry, a complex history of settlement and development, spatial and climatic features affect the migration processes in the Arctic. The study aims to assess the scale and structure of the international migration movement in the Arctic territories, as well as to identify changes caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The analysis is based on the results of population censuses, data from regional and municipal statistics, as well as information from digital databases on the incidence of coronavirus and migration. The article assesses the scale of international migration in the Arctic regions in the 20th – early 21st century. The genesis composition of the population showed that the significance of international migration is especially great for the Arctic territories in Western Siberia. The authors identified changes in the migration mobility of the population under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of the age and sex composition of migrants and the main migration flows showed that by the end of 2020, the intensity of international migration in the Russian Arctic decreased insignificantly, and in the most remote parts it even increased. Municipal statistics made it possible to identify the most attractive destinations for international migration before and during the pandemic. In 2021, a larger decline in international migratory mobility can be expected. The results obtained can be used to conduct socio-demographic policy and build demographic forecasts for the Arctic territories. Future research should focus on examining the long-term effects of the pandemic on international migration.

The article is devoted to the analysis of impact of economic specialization of settlements in the northern mining region on their demographic dynamics. The object of the study is 58 urban and 725 rural settlements of the Komi Republic in 1897-2020. Use of highly detailed data made it possible to identify spatial and sectoral patterns in demographic development of the settlements. The authors have proposed periodization of economic and demographic development of the Komi Republic in the XX-XXI centuries based on production structure and population movement. The study has identified specifics of demographic dynamics in settlements specialized in coal mining, natural gas and oil production, timber, transportation and multifunctional settlements in northern Russia. The authors show that relationship between the volume of production and demographic dynamics varies depending on the settlement specialization. The relationship between the population size and phase of the natural resource extraction cycle is most pronounced in coal mining settlements. As to rural settlements, in addition to economic specialization, the dominant ethnic group was taken into account. The study shows that the smallest outflow of population is registered in agricultural settlements, as well as settlements with Komi being the dominant ethnic group or settlements with mixed ethnic composition. Impact of spatial remoteness of northern settlements on population size in different time periods has been determined. The results obtained make it possible to predict future changes in population distribution in the northern and Arctic regions.

На примере Республики Коми 1970-2010 гг. рассмотрена демографическая динамика различных типов населенных пунктов: по размеру, административному статусу, экономической специализации, национальному составу, периоду образования, преобладающему полу и степени удаленности. Предложенная типология позволила выявить факторы демографической устойчивости северных поселений.