Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the major world health problems. Epigallocatechin-3 gallate is the major component of the polyphenolic fraction of green tea and it has an anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, antitumorigenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, and/or pro-apoptotic effects on mammalian cells. In this study, our aim was to investigate the inhibition of HBV replication by epigallocatechin-3 gallate in the Hep3B2.1-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Materials and Methods: HBV-replicating Hep3B2.1-7 cells were used to investigate the preventive effects of epigallocatechin-3 gallate on HBV DNA replication. The expression levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were determined using ELISA. Quantitative real-time-PCR was applied for the determination of the expression level of HBV DNA. Results: Cytotoxicity of epigallocathechin-3-gallate was not observed in the hepatic carcinoma cell line when the dose was lower than 100 µM. The ELISA method demonstrated that epigallocatechin-3 gallate have strong effects on HBsAg and HBeAg levels. Also it was detected by real-time PCR that epigallocatechin-3 gallate could prevent HBV DNA replication. Conclusions: The obtained data pointed out that although the exact mechanism of HBV DNA replication and related diseases remains unclear, epigallocatechin-3 gallate has a potential as an effective anti-HBV agent with low toxicity.

Rappaport Vassiliadis zenginleştirici besiyerinin üç farklı çeşidinde (orijinal formüllü olanı [RV], temel katkı maddelerinden malaşit yeşili-oksalat miktarı azaltılmış, pH'sı yediye yükseltilmiş Chaiwat-Jatisatienr modifikasyonu [RVJ] ve ticari hazır olanı [RVO]) Salmonella cinsi bakterilerin izolasyon oranlarını belirlemek ve Berlin/Almanya'da çeşitli süpermarket ve kasaplardan alınan besin maddelerinde Salmonella cinsi bakterileri araştırmak bu çalışmanın amacıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Karşılaştırmalı bu çalışma, Salmonella bakterileri ile sıkça kontamine olduğu bilinen 300 besin maddesinde (domuz ve kümes hayvanları organları gibi) yapılmıştır. İncelenecek örnekler steril şartlarda küçük parçalara ayrılmış, 25 g örnek 225 ml % 1'lik peptonlu suda 37°C'de bir gece boyunca zenginleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra buradan 0.1 ml alınarak 10 ml'lik her üç farklı Rappaport-Vassiliadis besiyerine ekilmiştir. Besiyeleri 43°C'de 48 saat inkübe edildikten sonra, sırasıyla brilliant yeşili-fenol kırmızısı-laktoz-sakkarozagar (BPLSA), malaşit yeşili-fenol kırmızısı-laktoz-sakkaroz agar (MPLSA) ve mannit-lizin-kristal viyole-brilliant yeşili agar (MLKBA) seçici besiyerlerine pasaj yapılmıştır. Katı besiyerleri 37°C'de bir gece inkübe edilmiş ve Salmonella olması olasılıkla kolonilerden Salmonella antiserumları ile aglütinasyon testi yapılarak tanımlama sağlanmıştır. Bulgular: Örneklerin % 34'ünde, 18 farklı Salmonella serotipi izole edilmiştir. Rappaport-Vassiliadis'in üç farklı formülüne göre hazırlanan besiyerlerinde %29 (RV), %30 (RVJ) ve %28 (RVO) oranında izolasyon saptanmıştır. Her üç RV besiyeri izolasyon oranları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Selektif katı besiyerlerindeki izolasyon oranları karşılaştırıldığında, RVO ve RVJ ile MLKBA kombinasyonu ve RVO ile BPLSA kombinasyonu en yüksek pozitif bulguları sağlamışlardır. Sonuç: Rappaport-Vassiliadis'in üç farklı formülü arasında fark olmadığı ve MLKBA seçici agarın uluslararası standartlarda önerilen BPLSA besiyeriyle kıyaslanabilecek özellikte olduğunu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, hücre kültürü yöntemi ile üst solunum yollarında infeksiyon oluşturan İnfluenzavirus, Adenovirus (ADV), Parainfluenzavirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) saptanması ve Erzurum yöresindeki prevalansının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Araştırmada 97'si (%56.7) yetişkin, 74'ü (%43.3) çocuk olmak üzere toplam 171 hastaya ait nazofaringeal swap örneği kullanıldı. Yetişkin örnek grubunun 49'unu (%50.5) erkekler, 48'ini ise (%49.5) kadınlar oluştururken, çocuk örnek grubunun 33 adedini (%44.6) erkek çocuklar, 41 adedini de (%55.4) kız çocuklar oluşturmaktaydı. Çalışma sonucunda hiçbir numunede Parainfluenza virusuna rastlanmazken, 27 örnekte (10 çocuk, 17 erişkin; %15.8) İnfluenzavirus A, 11 örnekte (10 çocuk, 1 erişkin; %6.4) ADV, 7 örnekte (6 çocuk, 1 erişkin; %4.1) RSV ve 5 örnekte de (4 çocuk, 1 erişkin; %2.9) İnfluenzavirus B tespit edildi. Kuş gribi (H5N1) şüpheli bir çocuk hastada da Real Time PCR yöntemi ile Roboscreen RoboGene H5N1 hazır ticari kiti ile RNA araştırılması yapıldı ve hastada H5N1 nükleik asidi tespit edildi Ayrıca marazi maddelerin MDCK (İnfluenzavirus A-B) ve Hep-2 (RSV, ADV) hücrelerine ekimleri yapılarak Immun floresans antikor yöntemi ile viral etkenlerin varlığı araştırıldı. Viral etkenler arasında en fazla İnfluenzavirus A saptanırken, en az İnfluenzavirus B tespit edildi. Çalışmamızda hastaların yaş grupları ve cinsiyetler arasında viral ajan görülme oranları bakımından istatistiksel bir fark bulunamadı. SummaryIn this study, we aimed to determine the prevalance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza and Adenovirus leading to infection and influenza in upper respiratory tract by means of cell culture method. In the study, samples belonging to total 171 patients, 97 of whom are adults (56.7%) and 74 of whom are children (43.3%) were used. While 49 of adult sampling group were male (50.5%), 48 of them were female (49.5%), and children sampling group consisted of 33 male (44.6%) and 41 female (55.4%). In the conclusion of the study, while parainfluenza virus couldnt be observed, there was Influenza A in 27 samples (10 children, 17 adults; 15.8%), and there was Adenovirus (ADV) in 11 samples (10 children and 1 adult; 6.4%), and there was Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in seen 7 samples (6 children and 1 adult; 4.1%) and there was Influenza B virus in 5 samples (4 children and 1 adult; 2.9%) and H5N1 Bird Flu Virus was detected in a patient by means of Real Time PCR method. By means of Roboscreen RoboGene H5N1 Ready-Commercial Kit, RNA investigation was carried out ın one sample (a children) H5N1 virus was detected. After planting for MDCK and Hep-2 cells, and by using direct immunoflourescence (IFA) method in order for cytopotic effects to be devided, virus agents were detected. By means of cell culture, Influenza A and B were produced in MDCK cells, and RSV and ADV were produced in Hep-2 cells. Among viral agents, while Influenza A was detected the most, Influenza B was found the least. In our study, we couldnt find a distinction in the rates of viral agents prevalence ac...

Under the name of "cytokine"; there are various groups of interleukins, monokines, lymphokines, growth factors, interferons Objective: Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that provide beneficial effects on the host when applied in appropriate amounts. The immun-modulatory effects of some probiotics are one of these. We aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on some inflammatory cytokine levels in sepsis. Methods: The mixture including 12 different live-probiotic bacteria was used in this study. Group 1 and 2 were evaluated as control and sepsis groups. Sepsis was developed in groups 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 using cecal ligation and puncture. The probiotic mixture was given to rats in groups 3 and 4 for 21 days before sepsis, groups 7 and 8 a single dose after sepsis at 10 10 and 10 11 doses, respectively. Rats in groups 5 and 6, the same doses of probiotics were administered without sepsis. Interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels were measured by ELISA method. Results: There was a serious increase on the level of TNF-α and IL-1β levels in sepsis group, and a serious decrease in 21 days of protective treatment groups. In accordance with IL-10 and TGF-β levels, although the cytokine levels of 21 days protective treatment groups were not reached in control group, a serious increase was observed compared to the sepsis group. Conclusion: According to our findings, probiotics can be used for supportive purposes in addition to classical medical treatment of sepsis. However, we believe that more studies should be performed in order to standardize the effects of probiotic and determine its effects with different experimental groups of volunteers as well as experimental animal studies.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is frequently a sexually transmitted virus and can cause cervical cancer in women. Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among the developing countries. In this study, cervical HPV DNA positivity and genotype distributions were investigated in female patients living in our region and the results were compared with different studies. Materials and Methods: Between 1 July, 2017 and 1 March, 2019, 433 cervical swabs were sent to Ataturk University, Medical Faculty Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory due to suspicion of HPV. Swab samples were evaluated for HPV virus using molecular (Polymerase Chain Reaction-PCR) methods. For this purpose, Xpert HPV Test (Cepheid, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA) was used to identify HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 t in a single sample. Results: Mean age of the patients ranged from 20 to 69 years, with a mean of 39.8 years (± 10.0). Positivity was detected in 62 of the 433 patients. Mean age of the positive patients was 40.2 years (± 11.3). When the positive patients were examined in terms of HPV types, the presence of HPV 16 was observed with a rate of 25.6%, while the HPV 18/45 types were found to be 9.0% in total. When patients were evaluated according to age groups, HPV DNA positivity was highest in the 25-34 age group with 38.7%. In our statistical study, there was no significant difference in HPV DNA positivity rate between the ages of 35 and under 35 years. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the prevalence and viral genotype distribution of HPV infection in women in Erzurum region. HPV type 16 is seen with a high rate in our region.