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Lipoma of the colon is the most common non-epithelial benign tumor of the colon, although it is very rare. We report herein a case of rectal submucosal lipoma in a 44-year-old woman who had a rectal polipoid lesion detected during rectal examination and colonoscopy. Histological examination confi rmed the diagnosis.

Background Prostate cancer is a cancer with poor host immune response and could be defined as a non‐T‐cell inflamed tumor. Therefore, immunotherapy treatments could not be included in the treatment of prostate cancer until recently. Inadequate antitumoral response is one of the main reasons why tumor cells multiply rapidly and cause lethal results. It was shown that CD47 molecule, which is secreted at high levels by leukemia cells, reduces macrophage‐mediated phagocytosis and thus facilitates escape from the antitumoral immune response. The aim of this study was to show don't eat me signaling in prostate carcinoma tissues and its relationship with macrophage polarization. Materials and Methods A total of 263 patients with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma after radical prostatectomy between 2015 and 2020 at our institute were included in the study. CD47, CD68, and CD163 expression levels were examined immunohistochemically (IHC) in these tissues. The relationship of these expression levels with unfavorable prognostic factors and survival for prostate carcinoma was investigated. Results In this study, all the operated prostate carcinoma cases had CD47 expression in tumor tissue, but only 52.5% had a high level of expression. Of 263 prostate cancer tissues, 135 (51.3%) showed high expression of CD68 protein and 189 (71.9%) showed high expression of CD163 protein. There was a statistically strong relationship between CD47, CD68, and CD163. Conclusions The CD47 molecule is basically a molecule that inhibits macrophage activation. CD68 is mostly used for macrophage classification, while CD163 is used for tumor‐associated macrophage classification. Unlike others, we IHC examined CD47, CD68, and CD163 expressions in the surgical materials of patients who were operated for prostate carcinoma. In addition, we concluded that strong CD47 expression was closely associated with strong CD68 and CD163 expression in all tumor samples. However, a significant relationship between these expression levels and survival could not be demonstrated.

Klinefelter sendromu (KS) erkeklerde fazladan bir X kromozomunun olmasıyla karakterize en sık görülen seks kromozom bozukluğu olup yenidoğan erkek bebeklerdeki prevalansı 1:500 ile 1:700 aralığında olduğu bilinmektedir. [1] İlk kez 1942 yılında uzun vücut yapısı, dişi vücut fenotipi, jinekomasti, küçük testisler ve infertilite semptomlarından oluşan bir sendrom olarak tanımlanmıştır. [2] KS, infertil ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the results of microscopic testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and normal karyotype nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients to determine the effects of KS on mTESE results. MATERIAL and METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical data of patients with the diagnosis of NOA who had undergone the mTESE operation in our institution. According to the genetic results, patients were divided into two groups with normal karyotype (group 1) and KS (group 2). These two groups were compared according to age, duration of infertility, hormone profile, sperm retrieval rate and testicular histopathology. RESULTS: In this study, 413 patients were included. The mean age of these patients is 34.4±5.7 years. The mean age of the patients in group 1 was 34.8±6.1 years, and in group 2 was 30.8±4.8 years. There was no statistically significant difference in age between the two groups (p=0.098). Testosterone level and sperm retrieval rate were statistically higher in group 1 than in group 2. Follicular stimulating hormone level and luteinizing hormone level were statistically higher in group 2 than in group 1. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of duration of infertility, estradiol level and prolactin level. CONCLUSION: In patients with KS, mTESE success was observed to be lower than in patients with normal karyotype.

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