This article presents the evolution of dentistry and in particular orthodontics, in India and contribution of Indians to the field of orthodontics. We have come a long way since dental education was first introduced to us Indians, the wave of change brought about by the most esteemed and respectable pioneers of our profession, have led us to form a strong dental community in this world of tough competition. The pioneer of Indian dental education by Dr. H.D. Merchant, who gave first series of lectures in orthodontics. This article also prevents the work of great achievers of orthodontia, who have helped us raise the level of ‘Indian Orthodontics” and have enabled us to soar to greater heights.So, this review article presenting briefly on contributions of Indians to the field of orthodontics from the era of introducing orthodontics as a branch of specilisation of dentistry in India to recent achievements in this field.

Fixed orthodontic treatment has a lot of benefits for the patients, but it is not without any potential risks. The most common side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is in the form of incipient caries lesions around brackets and which is mainly due to limitation on self-cleansing mechanism. To evaluate the effect of Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation and CPP-ACP paste used alone or in combination on the surface microhardness of enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets.Initially starting with bonding brackets to each tooth and making acrylic resin blocks. Then LASER irradiation with appropriate settings was performed.200 non-carious extracted human maxillary first premolars were bonded by metal brackets and were tested for microhardness on Vickers machine. They were randomly divided into 5 groups followed by treated with different caries prevention methods, then subjected to PH cycling model. All teeth were tested for surface microhardness in a 3mmx3mm area surrounding the orthodontic bracket. The mean VHN value of all the groups were found to be highly statistically significant. The highest mean VHN value was found in the group 5 followed by group 2, group 3 and group 4 and least mean VHN in group 1.Combination of ER, CR:YSGG laser irradiation and CPP-ACP paste shows a highly effective preventive measure for white spot lesion. LASER irradiation with specific guidelines as followed m in this study is a more effective preventive measure as compared to CPP-ACP Paste application followed at regular intervals.

There has been significant growth and advancement since, the last few decades in the use of platelet and its derivatives in dentistry predominantly in oral surgery and periodontology. Very little is known about the same in orthodontics. There is emerging literature on the use of platelets and its derivatives in orthodontics. Platelets being the reservoir of cytokines and growth factors plays a crucial role in various regenerative processes. This review attempts to summarise the literature concerning to the application and role of platelet derived concentrates in orthodontics. The most commonly used platelet derived concentrates being the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), their advancement and various roles and future opportunities of research have been described in this article.

Recent years, artificial intelligence technology has been a revolutionary tool in health care system, an increase in application of the technology noted significantly in Orthodontics as well. AI is an outstanding tool to help orthodontists as it can be utilized from the beginning to diagnose till the planning of the treatment. Along with speeding up the diagnosis and treatment processes, automation can cut labour expenses to zero.A well-trained AI model, which simulates human intelligence through machines, can aid in all kinds of linear, angular, and volumetric measurements in addition to helping identify landmarks, greatly reducing measurement time so that researchers can focus their efforts on discovering novel clinical insights. In this review article, artificial intelligence in orthodontics is discussed in relation to its use to clinical decision-making, diagnosis and treatment planning, estimation of growth and development, evaluating the facial proportion, prediction of cephalometric land mark and force system and also in analysing the soft tissue treatment outcomes.