STRESZCZENIEHodowla zwierząt gospodarskich oprócz licznych korzyści niesie ze sobą szereg negatywnych skutków dla śro-dowiska naturalnego, w tym emisję zanieczyszczeń, m.in. zapachowych, do powietrza atmosferycznego. Celem pracy była charakterystyka metod stosowanych w ocenie emisji odorów obiektów hodowlanych oraz analiza standardów odorowych stosowanych w światowych przepisach prawnych. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika iż w systemie prawnym krajów europejskich stosuje się standardy odorowe wyrażane w europejskich jednostkach zapachowych na określoną jednostkę czasu przypadającą na stanowisko dla jednego zwierzęcia (ou E /s/stanowisko dla zwierzęcia). Analiza wykonanych pomiarów stężenia zapachowego i obliczeń wskaźników emisji odorów przeprowadzonych dla ferm drobiu (indyków i brojlerów), fermy trzody chlewnej i fermy zwierząt futerkowych wykazała najwyższe wartości emisji odorów dla fermy trzody chlewnej oraz najwyższe obliczone wskaźniki emisji odorów dla warchlaków oraz macior, co jest zgodne z wartościami wskaźników emisji odorów sugerowanymi przez UE.Słowa kluczowe: uciążliwość zapachowa, odory, wskaźnik emisji, metody sensoryczne, metody analityczne Methods for assessing the odor emissions from livestock farming facilities ABSTRACT Livestock farming, in addition to numerous benefits, has a number of negative effects on the environment, including the emissions of pollutants, incl. odorants, to atmospheric air. The purpose of the work was to characterize the methods used in assessing the emission of odours from breeding facilities and to analyze the odor standards used in the global legal regulations. The values of odour concentrations measured in livestock buildings and the emission values estimated on the basis of emission factors for various types of livestock farming are presented in the paper. The analyses show that the legal system of European countries applies odour standards expressed in European odour units for a specific unit of time per one animal position (ouE/s/animal place). The analysis of odour concentration measurements and calculations of odour emission factors carried out for poultry farms (turkeys and broilers), pig farms and fur farms showed the highest values of odour emissions for a swine farm and the highest calculated odour emission rates for weaners and sows, which is in line with the values of odor emission indicators suggested by the EU.Keywords: odor nuisance, odors, emission factor, sensory methods, analytical methods Inżynieria Ekologiczna Ecological Engineering WPROWADZENIEElementem nieodłącznie związanym z chowem i hodowlą zwierząt gospodarskich jest emisja odorów [Zhang i in., 2009; Hansen i in., 2016; Blandes-Vidal i in., 2008, Cai i in., 2015. W produkcji zwierzęcej powstaje wiele odorantów, których liczba nie została jeszcze poznana. Związkami charakterystycznymi dla tej gałęzi gospodarki są przede wszystkim amoniak, siarkowodór i metan, które przeważnie występują w wysokich stężeniach, a ich poziomy są często normowane przez prawo, ale również tiole, sulfidy, fenole,...

A widely used method for reducing odor emissions into the air at municipal waste plants is biofiltration. This method allows obtaining high gaseous pollutant removal efficiency at relatively low investment and operating costs. Evaluating the efficiency of a biofilter using dynamic olfactometry is a very useful tool because it allows determining the degree of total deodorization efficiency. Determining the concentrations of individual pollutants does not always give an overall assessment of the degree of olfactory pollution by the gases being emitted, and at the same may not be sufficient in the case of evaluating the efficiency of a deodorization installation. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of biofilter efficiency performed based on olfactometric determinations. The measurements were conducted for biofilter-treated gases emitted from various sources within four municipal waste processing plants. Obtained results indicated the biofiltration efficiency between 60.8 and 97.2% and showed that after the filter bed replacing (organic instead of mineral bed) deodorization efficiency significantly increased. An important aspect of the overall evaluation was the evaluation of odor hedonic quality, due to the frequently intense natural odor of the biofilter bed itself.

The sequence of actions in matters of restricting odour nuisance is topped by preventive actions taken while an investment is planned and exploited. However, if using the best techniques available and abiding by technological regimes is insufficient and emission is still observed, one should make use of the method of deodorization. The choice of the specific suitable method is determined by many factors such as the properties of the gases being cleaned, the concentration of the pollution being emitted and the designed cleaning efficiency. Odour emission management concerning sustainable development should, therefore, comprise the required level of gas cleaning, the economic balance sheet of the investment and the acquired environmental effects. In the instance of biological methods, especially gas biofiltration, the cleaning process is carried out without virtually any side products, which would produce waste. Biofiltration is more and more commonly used in cleaning waste gases, because of both ecological reasons and economical competitivity with other methods. The balance of costs of an investment in biological gas deodorization along with its profits, as well as the ecological benefits coming from the usage of such methods, are presented in this work. The obtained cleaning efficiencies have also been included.

Abstract. The emission of odours into the atmospheric air from the municipal economy and industrial plants, especially in urbanized areas, causes a serious problem, which the mankind has been struggling with for years. The excessive exposure of people to odours may result in many negative health effects, including, for example, headaches and vomiting. There are many different methods that are used in order to evaluate the odour nuisance. The results obtained through those methods can then be used to carry out a visualization and an analysis of a distribution of the odour concentrations in a given area by using the GIS (Geographic Information System). By their application to the spatial analysis of the impact of odours, we can enable the assessment of the magnitude and likelihood of the occurrence of odour nuisance. Modelling using GIS tools and spatial interpolation like IDW method and kriging can provide an alternative to the standard modelling tools, which generally use the emission values from sources that are identified as major emitters of odours. The work presents the result, based on the odour measurements data from waste processing plant, of the attempt to connect two different tools -the reference model OPERAT FB and GIS-based dispersion modelling performed using IDW method and ordinary kriging to analyse their behaviour in terms of limited observation values.