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King Bhumibol Adulyadej has been paid tribute to and presented with many international awards asthe world’s “Development King.” Throughout 60 years of His Majesty’s reign, there have been over 3,000royally-initiated projects for country development and improving the livelihood of his subjects. This research isintended to investigate His Majesty’s concepts in royally-initiated urban, community and architecturedevelopment, especially among those projects that are vital and beneficial to social and national development.It covers royally-initiated projects in urban development and improving the quality of life regarding traffic andtransportation, flood mitigation, improvement of water quality, the provision of open spaces for urban areas,royally-initiated projects in self-reliant community development, community development through knowledgemanagement, community development in enhancing spiritual and social cohesion, including royally-initiatedprojects in royal architecture and religious architecture development. Applicability analyses focus on thepotential for future application in royally-initiated development models as well as on the legislative dimension.In parallel to examining the accomplishments and constraints of selected projects, comprehensiveanalyses are undertaken concerning concepts and theories/principles related to royal initiatives, His Majesty’sroles and concepts, royal statements and guidance, activities, etc. To provide a sufficient basis for conceptinvestigation, relevant information was collected from documentary resources, physical surveys and structuredinterviews of key informants. Through systematic analyses of the arrays of concepts among various urban,community and architecture development initiatives, underlying development concepts, which are substantiallyphilosophy/principles, have been emerged. Further integration of the proposed significantunderlying concepts reveals a “sufficiency development” approach.

Various types of rainfall characteristic have different rainfall drop size distributions (DSDs). DSDs that are measured by radar have a fundamental influence on parameters of the Z-R relationship; using a climatological Z-R relationship to estimate radar rainfall can lead to bias in radar rainfall estimates. This paper attempts to remove the source of bias in radar rainfall estimates due to an uncertain Z-R relationship by applying a local bias adjustment factor to a region that has the same climatological rainfall characteristic. Recorded historical daily rainfall data from 188 uniformly distributed rain gauges located under the radar umbrella and its vicinity were used for describing the climatological spatial pattern of rainfall in the study area based on kriging approaches. It was found that a simple kriging technique with the isotropic Bessel-J semivariogram model was the best method to classify climatological patterns of rainfall characteristic of the study area and therefore it has been used for identifying local bias correction areas of the proposed hourly local bias (HLB) correction method. Performances of different bias correction methods with various levels of complexity were evaluated from 500 of the calibrated and cross-validated gauges of the validated data set, selected randomly. These methods include mean field bias correction (MFB), hourly mean field bias correction (HMFB), hourly range dependent mean field bias correction (HRMFB), and HLB correction. Forty-four rainfall events recorded during 2003-2005 from the S-band Pimai radar located in Nakhon-Ratchasima Province, Thailand, and 50 automatic rain gauges were used in this study. The results of this study showed that, on average, the proposed HLB method could improve accuracy of radar rainfall estimates by 16.7%, 14.3%, 2.8%, 0.4% for the calibrated gauges, and by 11.8%, 10.2%, 9.4%, 4.1% for the cross-validated gauges when compared to non-bias corrected, MFB, HMFB, and HRMFB methods, respectively.

Summary : Severe flood damages in the southern region of Thailand caused by torrential rains or typhoons were found every year. Rainfall and water level were observed from a few monitoring stations in the region on daily basis. A real time flood forecasting model was formulated and applied to this region for flood disaster prevention. The model composed of two major components, the rainfall-runoff model and the hydrodynamic model. The rainfall-runoff model, a storage function model, was used to calculate the direct runoff due to rainfall. The hydrodynamic model, a vertically integrated model for mass and momentum conservation, was used to simulate flow in the river network. The model was able to predict water level and discharge at any location in the basin.Comparison between observed and simulated water levels and discharges from the numerical schemes indicated the applicability of the proposed model with satisfactory results, although time interval of observed data was longer than flood discharge arriving time. However, higher accuracy of the forecasting required more frequency of the observed . rainfall and water level data both in time and space. Telemetering system was also recommended for the implementation of efficient flood forecasting system.

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