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Fly ash contains many elements, including heavy metals, ions and oxides, depending on the constituents of the coal being fired for power generation, where fly ash is a byproduct. These compounds affect the water quality and in turn the fish and their behaviour. Changes in water quality parameters may also be detrimental to the aquatic flora and hence indirectly influence the local fish population. Deviation from normal behavior is the first sign for any animal that it is coping with some internal physiological stress. This study investigates the effect of fly ash on the behavioural pattern of Tilapia mossambica. Observations were done on the movements of their operculum and pectoral fins. Additionally, their feeding and swimming habits were studied as well as their sensory responses (e.g. acoustic, rheological aggressiveness etc.). Fish in water containing fly ash were compared to fish in water without fly ash under laboratory conditions.